Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis, a challenging case leading to the discovery of a rapidly growing tumor.

Wénin, Julie Bronchain, Maroussia [UCL] Sellimi, Amina [UCL] Van Pesch, Vincent [UCL]

(eng) Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most frequent autoimmune encephalitis mediated by antibodies against cell surface neuronal receptors. Its prognosis is favorable if treated timely and adequately. It may be in relation with underlying neoplasia, most frequently teratomas. Because the tumor can appear several months after the onset, oncological follow-up is crucial. We report here the case of an anti-NMDAR encephalitis with an unusual oncological course. A short-term clinical worsening, lead to the discovery of a rapidly growing tumor, that was not present at disease onset. [...]