User menu

Accès à distance ? S'identifier sur le proxy UCLouvain

Airway Epithelium Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis and COPD

Primary tabs

download
  • Open access
  • PDF
  • 2.78 M
De Rose, Virginia Molloy, Kevin Gohy, Sophie [UCL] Pilette, Charles [UCL] Greene, Catherine M.

(eng) Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by environmental factors (mostly cigarette smoking) on a genetically susceptible background. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are different, both are associated with progressive airflow obstruction, airway neutrophilic inflammation, and recurrent exacerbations, suggesting common mechanisms. The airway epithelium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal airway functions. Major molecular and morphologic changes occur in the airway epithelium in both CF and COPD, and growing evidence suggests that airway epithelial dysfunction is involved in disease initiation and progression in both diseases. Structural and functional abnormalities in both airway and alveolar epithelium have a relevant impact on alteration of host defences, immune/inflammatory response, and the repair process leading to progressive lung damage and impaired lung function. In this review, we address the evidence for a critical role of dysfunctional airway epithelial cells in chronic airway inflammation and remodelling in CF and COPD, highlighting the common mechanisms involved in the epithelial dysfunction as well as the similarities and differences of the two diseases.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Synthèse de littérature
Access type Accès libre
Publication date 2018
Language Anglais
Journal information "Mediators of Inflammation" - Vol. 2018, p. 1309746 [1-20] (2018)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Hindawi Pub. Corp. ((United States) Sylvania, OH)
issn 0962-9351
e-issn 1466-1861
Publication status Publié
Affiliations UCL - SSS/IREC/LUNS - Pôle pneumologie, ORL (airways) et dermatologie (skin)
UCL - (SLuc) Service de pneumologie
Links
  1. Ratjen Felix, Döring Gerd, Cystic fibrosis, 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12567-6
  2. Elborn J Stuart, Cystic fibrosis, 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00576-6
  3. Decramer Marc, Janssens Wim, Miravitlles Marc, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60968-9
  4. Barnes Peter J., Burney Peter G. J., Silverman Edwin K., Celli Bartolome R., Vestbo Jørgen, Wedzicha Jadwiga A., Wouters Emiel F. M., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.1038/nrdp.2015.76
  5. Gao Wei, Li Lingling, Wang Yujie, Zhang Sini, Adcock Ian M, Barnes Peter J., Huang Mao, Yao Xin, Bronchial epithelial cells: The key effector cells in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? : Bronchial epithelial cells in COPD, 10.1111/resp.12542
  6. Tam Anthony, Wadsworth Samuel, Dorscheid Delbert, Man S.F. Paul, Sin Don D., The airway epithelium: more than just a structural barrier, 10.1177/1753465810396539
  7. Ganesan Shyamala, Comstock Adam T, Sajjan Uma S, Barrier function of airway tract epithelium, 10.4161/tisb.24997
  8. Goodwin Marita, Yap Alpha S., Classical cadherin adhesion molecules: coordinating cell adhesion, signaling and the cytoskeleton, 10.1007/s10735-004-1833-2
  9. Wang Q., Margolis B., Apical junctional complexes and cell polarity, 10.1038/sj.ki.5002579
  10. Worthington Erin N., Tarran Robert, Methods for ASL Measurements and Mucus Transport Rates in Cell Cultures, Methods in Molecular Biology (2011) ISBN:9781617791192 p.77-92, 10.1007/978-1-61779-120-8_5
  11. Tengroth Lotta, Millrud Camilla Rydberg, Kvarnhammar Anne Månsson, Kumlien Georén Susanna, Latif Leith, Cardell Lars-Olaf, Functional Effects of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)3, 7, 9, RIG-I and MDA-5 Stimulation in Nasal Epithelial Cells, 10.1371/journal.pone.0098239
  12. Kim Hyun Jik, Kim Chang-Hoon, Kim Min-Ji, Ryu Ji-Hwan, Seong Sang Yeop, Kim Sujin, Lim Su Jin, Holtzman Michael J., Yoon Joo-Heon, The Induction of Pattern-Recognition Receptor Expression against Influenza A Virus through Duox2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Nasal Mucosa, 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0334oc
  13. Tabeling Christoph, Scheer Heide, Schönrock Stefanie M., Runge Franziska, Gutbier Birgitt, Lienau Jasmin, Hamelmann Eckard, Opitz Bastian, Suttorp Norbert, Mayer Konstantin, Behrens Georg M., Tschernig Thomas, Witzenrath Martin, Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain 1 Ligation Suppressed Murine Allergen–Specific T-Cell Proliferation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness, 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0333oc
  14. Bogefors J., Rydberg C., Uddman R., Fransson M., Månsson A., Benson M., Adner M., Cardell L. O., Nod1, Nod2 and Nalp3 receptors, new potential targets in treatment of allergic rhinitis? : Nod-like receptors in allergic rhinitis, 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02315.x
  15. Hirota Jeremy A., Gold Matthew J., Hiebert Paul R., Parkinson Leigh G., Wee Tracee, Smith Dirk, Hansbro Phil M., Carlsten Chris, VanEeden Stephan, Sin Don D., McNagny Kelly M., Knight Darryl A., The Nucleotide-Binding Domain, Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein 3 Inflammasome/IL-1 Receptor I Axis Mediates Innate, but Not Adaptive, Immune Responses after Exposure to Particulate Matter under 10 μm, 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0158oc
  16. Nathan Amy T., Peterson Elizabeth A., Chakir Jamila, Wills-Karp Marsha, Innate immune responses of airway epithelium to house dust mite are mediated through β-glucan–dependent pathways, 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.006
  17. Mirković Bojana, Murray Michelle A., Lavelle Gillian M., Molloy Kevin, Azim Ahmed Abdul, Gunaratnam Cedric, Healy Fiona, Slattery Dubhfeasa, McNally Paul, Hatch Joe, Wolfgang Matthew, Tunney Michael M., Muhlebach Marianne S., Devery Rosaleen, Greene Catherine M., McElvaney Noel G., The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Produced by Anaerobic Bacteria, in the Cystic Fibrosis Airway, 10.1164/rccm.201505-0943oc
  18. Lee Robert J., Cohen Noam A., Bitter and sweet taste receptors in the respiratory epithelium in health and disease, 10.1007/s00109-014-1222-6
  19. Lee Robert J., Cohen Noam A., The Emerging Role of the Bitter Taste Receptor T2R38 in Upper Respiratory Infection and Chronic Rhinosinusitis, 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3911
  20. Chirkova Tatiana, Stobart Christopher C., Hartert Tina V., Lin Songbai, Gaston Kelsey A., Anderson Larry J., Oomens Antonius G. P., Boyoglu-Barnum Seyhan, Moore Martin L., Ziady Assem G., Meng Jia, Cotton Calvin U., CX3CR1 is an important surface molecule for respiratory syncytial virus infection in human airway epithelial cells, 10.1099/vir.0.000218
  21. Turner Malcolm W., Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) in Health and Disease, 10.1016/s0171-2985(98)80037-5
  22. Wright J. R., Youmans D. C., Pulmonary surfactant protein A stimulates chemotaxis of alveolar macrophage, 10.1152/ajplung.1993.264.4.l338
  23. Borron P. J., Mostaghel E. A., Doyle C., Walsh E. S., McHeyzer-Williams M. G., Wright J. R., Pulmonary Surfactant Proteins A and D Directly Suppress CD3+/CD4+ Cell Function: Evidence for Two Shared Mechanisms, 10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5844
  24. Pandya Pankita H., Wilkes David S., Complement System in Lung Disease, 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0485tr
  25. Greene Catherine M., Marciniak Stefan J., Teckman Jeffrey, Ferrarotti Ilaria, Brantly Mark L., Lomas David A., Stoller James K., McElvaney Noel G., α1-Antitrypsin deficiency, 10.1038/nrdp.2016.51
  26. Thompson R. C., Ohlsson K., Isolation, properties, and complete amino acid sequence of human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, a potent inhibitor of leukocyte elastase., 10.1073/pnas.83.18.6692
  27. Wiedow Oliver, Harder Jürgen, Bartels Joachim, Streit Volker, Christophers Enno, Antileukoprotease in Human Skin: An Antibiotic Peptide Constitutively Produced by Keratinocytes, 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9069
  28. Sallenave Jean-Michel, Silva Anabel, Characterization and Gene Sequence of the Precursor of Elafin, an Elastase-specific Inhibitor in Bronchial Secretions, 10.1165/ajrcmb/8.4.439
  29. McMichael Jonathan W., Roghanian Ali, Jiang Lu, Ramage Robert, Sallenave Jean-Michel, The Antimicrobial Antiproteinase Elafin Binds to Lipopolysaccharide and Modulates Macrophage Responses, 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0250oc
  30. Baranger Kévin, Zani Marie-Louise, Chandenier Jacques, Dallet-Choisy Sandrine, Moreau Thierry, The antibacterial and antifungal properties of trappin-2 (pre-elafin) do not depend on its protease inhibitory function : Antibacterial and antifungal activities of trappin-2, 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06355.x
  31. Ganz Tomas, Antimicrobial polypeptides in host defense of the respiratory tract, 10.1172/jci0215218
  32. Qamruddin A. O., Alkawash M. A., Soothill J. S., Antibiotic Susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the Presence of Lactoferrin, 10.1128/aac.49.10.4425-4426.2005
  33. Sorensen O. E., Human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is processed to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by extracellular cleavage with proteinase 3, 10.1182/blood.v97.12.3951
  34. GARCÍA JOSÉ-RAMÓN CONEJO, KRAUSE ALEXANDER, SCHULZ SANDRA, RODRÍGUEZ-JIMÉNEZ FRANCISCO-JAVIER, KLÜVER ENNO, ADERMANN KNUT, FORSSMANN ULF, FRIMPONG-BOATENG ADJOA, BALS ROBERT, FORSSMANN WOLF-GEORG, Human β-defensin 4: a novel inducible peptide with a specific salt-sensitive spectrum of antimicrobial activity, 10.1096/fj.00-0865fje
  35. Feng Z., Dubyak G. R., Lederman M. M., Weinberg A., Cutting Edge: Human   Defensin 3--A Novel Antagonist of the HIV-1 Coreceptor CXCR4, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.782
  36. Tomalka Jeffrey, Azodi Elaheh, Narra Hema P., Patel Krupen, O’Neill Samantha, Cardwell Cisley, Hall Brian A., Wilson James M., Hise Amy G., β-Defensin 1 Plays a Role in Acute Mucosal Defense againstCandida albicans, 10.4049/jimmunol.1203239
  37. Niyonsaba Francois, Ogawa Hideoki, Nagaoka Isao, Human beta-defensin-2 functions as a chemotactic agent for tumour necrosis factor-alpha-treated human neutrophils, 10.1111/j.0019-2805.2004.01816.x
  38. Fahy John V., Dickey Burton F., Airway Mucus Function and Dysfunction, 10.1056/nejmra0910061
  39. Martin Clémence, Frija-Masson Justine, Burgel Pierre-Régis, Targeting Mucus Hypersecretion: New Therapeutic Opportunities for COPD?, 10.1007/s40265-014-0235-3
  40. Rose Mary Callaghan, Voynow Judith A., Respiratory Tract Mucin Genes and Mucin Glycoproteins in Health and Disease, 10.1152/physrev.00010.2005
  41. Roy Michelle G., Livraghi-Butrico Alessandra, Fletcher Ashley A., McElwee Melissa M., Evans Scott E., Boerner Ryan M., Alexander Samantha N., Bellinghausen Lindsey K., Song Alfred S., Petrova Youlia M., Tuvim Michael J., Adachi Roberto, Romo Irlanda, Bordt Andrea S., Bowden M. Gabriela, Sisson Joseph H., Woodruff Prescott G., Thornton David J., Rousseau Karine, De la Garza Maria M., Moghaddam Seyed J., Karmouty-Quintana Harry, Blackburn Michael R., Drouin Scott M., Davis C. William, Terrell Kristy A., Grubb Barbara R., O’Neal Wanda K., Flores Sonia C., Cota-Gomez Adela, Lozupone Catherine A., Donnelly Jody M., Watson Alan M., Hennessy Corinne E., Keith Rebecca C., Yang Ivana V., Barthel Lea, Henson Peter M., Janssen William J., Schwartz David A., Boucher Richard C., Dickey Burton F., Evans Christopher M., Muc5b is required for airway defence, 10.1038/nature12807
  42. Ghosh Arunava, Boucher R. C., Tarran Robert, Airway hydration and COPD, 10.1007/s00018-015-1946-7
  43. Blouquit-Laye Sabine, Chinet Thierry, Ion and liquid transport across the bronchiolar epithelium, 10.1016/j.resp.2007.03.007
  44. Mall Marcus, Grubb Barbara R, Harkema Jack R, O'Neal Wanda K, Boucher Richard C, Increased airway epithelial Na+ absorption produces cystic fibrosis-like lung disease in mice, 10.1038/nm1028
  45. Zhou Zhe, Duerr Julia, Johannesson Bjarki, Schubert Susanne C., Treis Diana, Harm Maria, Graeber Simon Y., Dalpke Alexander, Schultz Carsten, Mall Marcus A., The ENaC-overexpressing mouse as a model of cystic fibrosis lung disease, 10.1016/s1569-1993(11)60021-0
  46. Mall Marcus A., Harkema Jack R., Trojanek Joanna B., Treis Diana, Livraghi Alessandra, Schubert Susanne, Zhou Zhe, Kreda Silvia M., Tilley Stephen L., Hudson Elizabeth J., O'Neal Wanda K., Boucher Richard C., Development of Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema in β-Epithelial Na+Channel–Overexpressing Mice, 10.1164/rccm.200708-1233oc
  47. Anagnostopoulou Pinelopi, Riederer Brigitte, Duerr Julia, Michel Sven, Binia Aristea, Agrawal Raman, Liu Xuemei, Kalitzki Katrin, Xiao Fang, Chen Mingmin, Schatterny Jolanthe, Hartmann Dorothee, Thum Thomas, Kabesch Michael, Soleimani Manoocher, Seidler Ursula, Mall Marcus A., SLC26A9-mediated chloride secretion prevents mucus obstruction in airway inflammation, 10.1172/jci60429
  48. Gehrig Stefanie, Duerr Julia, Weitnauer Michael, Wagner Claudius J., Graeber Simon Y., Schatterny Jolanthe, Hirtz Stephanie, Belaaouaj Abderrazzaq, Dalpke Alexander H., Schultz Carsten, Mall Marcus A., Lack of Neutrophil Elastase Reduces Inflammation, Mucus Hypersecretion, and Emphysema, but Not Mucus Obstruction, in Mice with Cystic Fibrosis–like Lung Disease, 10.1164/rccm.201311-1932oc
  49. Button B., Cai L.-H., Ehre C., Kesimer M., Hill D. B., Sheehan J. K., Boucher R. C., Rubinstein M., A Periciliary Brush Promotes the Lung Health by Separating the Mucus Layer from Airway Epithelia, 10.1126/science.1223012
  50. Derichs Nico, Jin Byung-Ju, Song Yuanlin, Finkbeiner Walter E., Verkman A. S., Hyperviscous airway periciliary and mucous liquid layers in cystic fibrosis measured by confocal fluorescence photobleaching, 10.1096/fj.10-179549
  51. Tang Xiao Xiao, Ostedgaard Lynda S., Hoegger Mark J., Moninger Thomas O., Karp Philip H., McMenimen James D., Choudhury Biswa, Varki Ajit, Stoltz David A., Welsh Michael J., Acidic pH increases airway surface liquid viscosity in cystic fibrosis, 10.1172/jci83922
  52. Pezzulo Alejandro A., Tang Xiao Xiao, Hoegger Mark J., Abou Alaiwa Mahmoud H., Ramachandran Shyam, Moninger Thomas O., Karp Phillip H., Wohlford-Lenane Christine L., Haagsman Henk P., van Eijk Martin, Bánfi Botond, Horswill Alexander R., Stoltz David A., McCray Paul B., Welsh Michael J., Zabner Joseph, Reduced airway surface pH impairs bacterial killing in the porcine cystic fibrosis lung, 10.1038/nature11130
  53. Shah V. S., Meyerholz D. K., Tang X. X., Reznikov L., Abou Alaiwa M., Ernst S. E., Karp P. H., Wohlford-Lenane C. L., Heilmann K. P., Leidinger M. R., Allen P. D., Zabner J., McCray P. B., Ostedgaard L. S., Stoltz D. A., Randak C. O., Welsh M. J., Airway acidification initiates host defense abnormalities in cystic fibrosis mice, 10.1126/science.aad5589
  54. Welsh M J, Cigarette smoke inhibition of ion transport in canine tracheal epithelium., 10.1172/jci110917
  55. Cantin André M., Hanrahan John W., Bilodeau Ginette, Ellis Lynda, Dupuis Annie, Liao Jie, Zielenski Julian, Durie Peter, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function Is Suppressed in Cigarette Smokers, 10.1164/rccm.200508-1330oc
  56. Dransfield Mark T., Wilhelm Andrew M., Flanagan Brian, Courville Clifford, Tidwell Sherry L., Raju S. Vamsee, Gaggar Amit, Steele Chad, Tang Li Ping, Liu Bo, Rowe Steven M., Acquired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Dysfunction in the Lower Airways in COPD, 10.1378/chest.13-0274
  57. Kreindler James L., Jackson Alan D., Kemp Philip A., Bridges Robert J., Danahay Henry, Inhibition of chloride secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells by cigarette smoke extract, 10.1152/ajplung.00376.2004
  58. Clunes Lucy A., Davies Catrin M., Coakley Raymond D., Aleksandrov Andrei A., Henderson Ashley G., Zeman Kirby L., Worthington Erin N., Gentzsch Martina, Kreda Silvia M., Cholon Deborah, Bennett William D., Riordan John R., Boucher Richard C., Tarran Robert, Cigarette smoke exposure induces CFTR internalization and insolubility, leading to airway surface liquid dehydration, 10.1096/fj.11-192377
  59. Sloane Peter A., Shastry Suresh, Wilhelm Andrew, Courville Clifford, Tang Li Ping, Backer Kyle, Levin Elina, Raju S. Vamsee, Li Yao, Mazur Marina, Byan-Parker Suzanne, Grizzle William, Sorscher Eric J., Dransfield Mark T., Rowe Steven M., A Pharmacologic Approach to Acquired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Dysfunction in Smoking Related Lung Disease, 10.1371/journal.pone.0039809
  60. Rasmussen Julia E., Sheridan John T., Polk William, Davies Catrin M., Tarran Robert, Cigarette Smoke-induced Ca2+Release Leads to Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Dysfunction, 10.1074/jbc.m113.545137
  61. Gensch Erin, Gallup Marianne, Sucher Anatol, Li Daizong, Gebremichael Assefa, Lemjabbar Hassan, Mengistab Aklilu, Dasari Vijay, Hotchkiss Jon, Harkema Jack, Basbaum Carol, Tobacco Smoke Control of Mucin Production in Lung Cells Requires Oxygen Radicals AP-1 and JNK, 10.1074/jbc.m406866200
  62. Mebratu Yohannes A., Schwalm Kurt, Smith Kevin R., Schuyler Mark, Tesfaigzi Yohannes, Cigarette Smoke Suppresses Bik To Cause Epithelial Cell Hyperplasia and Mucous Cell Metaplasia, 10.1164/rccm.201011-1930oc
  63. Zhou Jie-Sen, Zhao Yun, Zhou Hong-Bin, Wang Yong, Wu Yin-Fang, Li Zhou-Yang, Xuan Nan-Xia, Zhang Chao, Hua Wen, Ying Song-Min, Li Wen, Shen Hua-Hao, Chen Zhi-Hua, Autophagy plays an essential role in cigarette smoke-induced expression of MUC5AC in airway epithelium, 10.1152/ajplung.00418.2015
  64. American Journal of Pathology, 94, 459 (1979)
  65. Lamb D., Reid L., Goblet Cell Increase in Rat Bronchial Epithelium after Exposure to Cigarette and Cigar Tobacco Smoke, 10.1136/bmj.1.5635.33
  66. BASBAUM CAROL, LEMJABBAR HASSAN, LONGPHRE MALINDA, LI DAIZONG, GENSCH ERIN, McNAMARA NANCY, Control of Mucin Transcription by Diverse Injury-induced Signaling Pathways, 10.1164/ajrccm.160.supplement_1.12
  67. Mall M. A., Hartl D., CFTR: cystic fibrosis and beyond, 10.1183/09031936.00228013
  68. Dye J A, Adler K B, Effects of cigarette smoke on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract., 10.1136/thx.49.8.825
  69. Rennolds Jessica, Butler Susie, Maloney Kevin, Boyaka Prosper N., Davis Ian C., Knoell Daren L., Parinandi Narasimham L., Cormet-Boyaka Estelle, Cadmium Regulates the Expression of the CFTR Chloride Channel in Human Airway Epithelial Cells, 10.1093/toxsci/kfq101
  70. Raju S. Vamsee, Jackson Patricia L., Courville Clifford A., McNicholas Carmel M., Sloane Peter A., Sabbatini Gina, Tidwell Sherry, Tang Li Ping, Liu Bo, Fortenberry James A., Jones Caleb W., Boydston Jeremy A., Clancy J. P., Bowen Larry E., Accurso Frank J., Blalock J. Edwin, Dransfield Mark T., Rowe Steven M., Cigarette Smoke Induces Systemic Defects in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function, 10.1164/rccm.201304-0733oc
  71. Yaghi Asma, Zaman Aisha, Cox Gerard, Dolovich Myrna B., Ciliary beating is depressed in nasal cilia from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects, 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.04.001
  72. Agius, Smallman, Pahor, Age, smoking and nasal ciliary beat frequency, 10.1046/j.1365-2273.1998.00141.x
  73. Tamashiro Edwin, Xiong Guoxiang, Anselmo-Lima Wilma T., Kreindler James L., Palmer James N., Cohen Noam A., Cigarette Smoke Exposure Impairs Respiratory Epithelial Ciliogenesis, 10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3280
  74. Zhou-Suckow Zhe, Duerr Julia, Hagner Matthias, Agrawal Raman, Mall Marcus A., Airway mucus, inflammation and remodeling: emerging links in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, 10.1007/s00441-016-2562-z
  75. Bodas M., Min T., Mazur S., Vij N., Critical Modifier Role of Membrane-Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-Dependent Ceramide Signaling in Lung Injury and Emphysema, 10.4049/jimmunol.1002850
  76. Wielputz M. O., Eichinger M., Zhou Z., Leotta K., Hirtz S., Bartling S. H., Semmler W., Kauczor H.-U., Puderbach M., Mall M. A., In vivo monitoring of cystic fibrosis-like lung disease in mice by volumetric computed tomography, 10.1183/09031936.00149810
  77. Galluzzo Maria, Ciraolo Elisa, Lucattelli Monica, Hoxha Eriola, Ulrich Martina, Campa Carlo Cosimo, Lungarella Giuseppe, Doring Gerd, Zhou-Suckow Zhe, Mall Marcus, Hirsch Emilio, De Rose Virginia, Genetic Deletion and Pharmacological Inhibition of PI3KγReduces Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation and Lung Damage in Mice with Cystic Fibrosis-Like Lung Disease, 10.1155/2015/545417
  78. Ballard Stephen T., Trout Laura, Bebök Zsuzsa, Sorscher E. J., Crews Angela, CFTR involvement in chloride, bicarbonate, and liquid secretion by airway submucosal glands, 10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.4.l694
  79. Hug Martin J., Tamada Tsutomu, Bridges Robert J., CFTR and Bicarbonate Secretion to Epithelial Cells, 10.1152/nips.01412.2002
  80. Cantin André M., Bilodeau Ginette, Ouellet Cristine, Liao Jie, Hanrahan John W., Oxidant stress suppresses CFTR expression, 10.1152/ajpcell.00070.2005
  81. Bodas Manish, Silverberg David, Walworth Kyla, Brucia Kathryn, Vij Neeraj, Augmentation of S-Nitrosoglutathione Controls Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammatory–Oxidative Stress and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Emphysema Pathogenesis by Restoring Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function, 10.1089/ars.2016.6895
  82. Hiemstra Pieter S., McCray Paul B., Bals Robert, The innate immune function of airway epithelial cells in inflammatory lung disease, 10.1183/09031936.00141514
  83. Bals R., Hiemstra P.S., Innate immunity in the lung: how epithelial cells fight against respiratory pathogens, 10.1183/09031936.03.00098803
  84. Parker Dane, Prince Alice, Innate Immunity in the Respiratory Epithelium, 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0011rt
  85. Cantin André M., Hartl Dominik, Konstan Michael W., Chmiel James F., Inflammation in cystic fibrosis lung disease: Pathogenesis and therapy, 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.03.003
  86. Nichols David, Chmiel James, Berger Melvin, Chronic Inflammation in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung: Alterations in Inter- and Intracellular Signaling, 10.1007/s12016-007-8039-9
  87. De Rose V., Mechanisms and markers of airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis: Fig. 1.—, 10.1183/09031936.02.00229202
  88. Cohen-Cymberknoh Malena, Kerem Eitan, Ferkol Thomas, Elizur Arnon, Airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203204
  89. Voynow Judith A., Rubin Bruce K., Mucins, Mucus, and Sputum, 10.1378/chest.08-0412
  90. Greene C. M., Carroll T. P., Smith S. G. J., Taggart C. C., Devaney J., Griffin S., O'Neill S. J., McElvaney N. G., TLR-Induced Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis and Non-Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1638
  91. Chotirmall Sanjay H., Greene Catherine M., Oglesby Irene K., Thomas Warren, O'Neill Shane J., Harvey Brian J., McElvaney Noel G., 17β-Estradiol Inhibits IL-8 in Cystic Fibrosis by Up-Regulating Secretory Leucoprotease Inhibitor, 10.1164/rccm.201001-0053oc
  92. Voss Eske, Wehkamp Jan, Wehkamp Kai, Stange Eduard F., Schröder Jens M., Harder Jürgen, NOD2/CARD15 Mediates Induction of the Antimicrobial Peptide Human Beta-defensin-2, 10.1074/jbc.m511044200
  93. Roussel Lucie, Rousseau Simon, IL-17 primes airway epithelial cells lacking functional Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) to increase NOD1 responses, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.088
  94. Muhlebach M. S., MacDonald S. L., Button B., Hubbard J. J., Turner M. L., Boucher R. C., Kilpatrick D. C., Association between mannan-binding lectin and impaired lung function in cystic fibrosis may be age-dependent, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03151.x
  95. Postle Anthony D., Mander Ann, Reid Kenneth B. M., Wang Jiu-Yao, Wright Sarah M., Moustaki Maria, Warner John O., Deficient Hydrophilic Lung Surfactant Proteins A and D with Normal Surfactant Phospholipid Molecular Species in Cystic Fibrosis, 10.1165/ajrcmb.20.1.3253
  96. Noah Terry L., Murphy Paula C., Alink Jorien J., Leigh Margaret W., Hull William M., Stahlman Mildred T., Whitsett Jeffrey A., Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Surfactant Protein-A and Surfactant Protein-D Are Inversely Related to Inflammation in Early Cystic Fibrosis, 10.1164/rccm.200301-005oc
  97. Alcorn John F., Wright Jo Rae, Degradation of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D byPseudomonas aeruginosaElastase Abrogates Innate Immune Function, 10.1074/jbc.m400796200
  98. Malloy Jaret L., Veldhuizen Ruud A. W., Thibodeaux Brett A., O'Callaghan Richard J., Wright Jo Rae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa protease IV degrades surfactant proteins and inhibits surfactant host defense and biophysical functions, 10.1152/ajplung.00322.2004
  99. Van de Weert–van Leeuwen Pauline B., Van Meegen Marit A., Speirs Jennifer J., Pals D. J., Rooijakkers Suzan H. M., Van der Ent Cornelis K., Terheggen-Lagro Suzanne W. J., Arets Hubertus G. M., Beekman Jeffrey M., Optimal Complement-Mediated Phagocytosis ofPseudomonas aeruginosaby Monocytes Is Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator–Dependent, 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0502oc
  100. Tabary Olivier, Zahm Jean Marie, Hinnrasky Jocelyne, Couetil Jean Paul, Cornillet Pascale, Guenounou Moncef, Gaillard Dominique, Puchelle Edith, Jacquot Jacky, Selective Up-Regulation of Chemokine IL-8 Expression in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Gland Cells in Vivo and in Vitro, 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65633-7
  101. Tsuchiya Motohiro, Kumar Parameet, Bhattacharyya Sharmistha, Chattoraj Sangbrita, Srivastava Meera, Pollard Harvey B., Biswas Roopa, Differential Regulation of Inflammation by Inflammatory Mediators in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Epithelial Cells, 10.1089/jir.2012.0074
  102. Osika E., Cavaillon J-M., Chadelat K., Boule M., Fitting C., Tournier G., Clement A., Distinct sputum cytokine profiles in cystic fibrosis and other chronic inflammatory airway disease, 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14b17.x
  103. Salva Paul S., Doyle Nicholas A., Graham Lori, Eigen Howard, Doerschuk Claire M., TNF-α, IL-8, soluble ICAM-1, and neutrophils in sputum of cystic fibrosis patients, 10.1002/(sici)1099-0496(199601)21:1<11::aid-ppul2>3.0.co;2-t
  104. Decraene Ann, Willems-Widyastuti Anna, Kasran Ahmad, De Boeck Kris, Bullens Dominique M, Dupont Lieven J, Elevated expression of both mRNA and protein levels of IL-17A in sputum of stable Cystic Fibrosis patients, 10.1186/1465-9921-11-177
  105. Brodlie M., McKean M. C., Johnson G. E., Anderson A. E., Hilkens C. M. U., Fisher A. J., Corris P. A., Lordan J. L., Ward C., Raised interleukin-17 is immunolocalised to neutrophils in cystic fibrosis lung disease, 10.1183/09031936.00067110
  106. Tiringer Kerstin, Treis Angela, Fucik Petra, Gona Mia, Gruber Saskia, Renner Sabine, Dehlink Eleonora, Nachbaur Edith, Horak Friedrich, Jaksch Peter, Döring Gerd, Crameri Reto, Jung Andreas, Rochat Mascha K., Hörmann Marcus, Spittler Andreas, Klepetko Walter, Akdis Cezmi A., Szépfalusi Zsolt, Frischer Thomas, Eiwegger Thomas, A Th17- and Th2-skewed Cytokine Profile in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs Represents a Potential Risk Factor forPseudomonas aeruginosaInfection, 10.1164/rccm.201206-1150oc
  107. Taggart Clifford C., Lowe Gregory J., Greene Catherine M., Mulgrew Alan T., O'Neill Shane J., Levine Rodney L., McElvaney Noel G., Cathepsin B, L, and S Cleave and Inactivate Secretory Leucoprotease Inhibitor, 10.1074/jbc.m103220200
  108. Guyot Nicolas, Butler Marcus W., McNally Paul, Weldon Sinead, Greene Catherine M., Levine Rodney L., O'Neill Shane J., Taggart Clifford C., McElvaney Noel G., Elafin, an Elastase-specific Inhibitor, Is Cleaved by Its Cognate Enzyme Neutrophil Elastase in Sputum from Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis, 10.1074/jbc.m803707200
  109. Valenti P., Catizone A., Pantanella F., Frioni A., Natalizi T., Tendini M., Berlutti F., Lactoferrin Decreases Inflammatory Response by Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Cells Invaded with Burkholderia Cenocepacia Iron-Modulated Biofilm, 10.1177/039463201102400423
  110. Infection and Immunity, 61, 5049 (1993)
  111. Rogan Mark P., Taggart Clifford C., Greene Catherine M., Murphy Philip G., O’Neill Shane J., McElvaney Noel G., Loss of Microbicidal Activity and Increased Formation of Biofilm Due to Decreased Lactoferrin Activity in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, 10.1086/423821
  112. Bergsson G., Reeves E. P., McNally P., Chotirmall S. H., Greene C. M., Greally P., Murphy P., O'Neill S. J., McElvaney N. G., LL-37 Complexation with Glycosaminoglycans in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs Inhibits Antimicrobial Activity, Which Can Be Restored by Hypertonic Saline, 10.4049/jimmunol.0803959
  113. Weiner Daniel J., Bucki Robert, Janmey Paul A., The Antimicrobial Activity of the Cathelicidin LL37 Is Inhibited by F-actin Bundles and Restored by Gelsolin, 10.1165/rcmb.2002-0191oc
  114. Tesse R, Cardinale F, Santostasi T, Polizzi A, Manca A, Mappa L, Iacoviello G, De Robertis F, Logrillo V P, Armenio L, Association of β-defensin-1 gene polymorphisms with Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway colonization in cystic fibrosis, 10.1038/sj.gene.6364440
  115. Taggart C. C., Greene C. M., Smith S. G., Levine R. L., McCray P. B., O'Neill S., McElvaney N. G., Inactivation of Human  -Defensins 2 and 3 by Elastolytic Cathepsins, 10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.931
  116. Yoshida Toshinori, Tuder Rubin M., Pathobiology of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1152/physrev.00048.2006
  117. Barnes Peter J., Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.1038/nri2254
  118. Shaykhiev Renat, Crystal Ronald G., Early Events in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Smoking-induced Reprogramming of Airway Epithelial Basal Progenitor Cells, 10.1513/annalsats.201402-049aw
  119. Gohy S. T., Hupin C., Pilette C., Ladjemi M. Z., Chronic inflammatory airway diseases: the central role of the epithelium revisited, 10.1111/cea.12712
  120. Hogg James C., Timens Wim, The Pathology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092145
  121. Hassan Fatemat, Xu Xiaohua, Nuovo Gerard, Killilea David W, Tyrrell Jean, Tan Chong Da, Tarran Robert, Diaz Philip, Jee Junbea, Knoell Daren, Boyaka Prosper N, Cormet-Boyaka Estelle, Accumulation of metals in GOLD4 COPD lungs is associated with decreased CFTR levels, 10.1186/1465-9921-15-69
  122. Heijink I. H., Brandenburg S. M., Postma D. S., van Oosterhout A. J. M., Cigarette smoke impairs airway epithelial barrier function and cell-cell contact recovery, 10.1183/09031936.00193810
  123. Shaykhiev Renat, Otaki Fouad, Bonsu Prince, Dang David T., Teater Matthew, Strulovici-Barel Yael, Salit Jacqueline, Harvey Ben-Gary, Crystal Ronald G., Cigarette smoking reprograms apical junctional complex molecular architecture in the human airway epithelium in vivo, 10.1007/s00018-010-0500-x
  124. Milara Javier, Peiró Teresa, Serrano Adela, Cortijo Julio, Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is increased in patients with COPD and induced by cigarette smoke, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-201761
  125. Leopold Philip L., O'Mahony Michael J., Lian X. Julie, Tilley Ann E., Harvey Ben-Gary, Crystal Ronald G., Smoking Is Associated with Shortened Airway Cilia, 10.1371/journal.pone.0008157
  126. Hessel Justina, Heldrich Jonna, Fuller Jennifer, Staudt Michelle R., Radisch Sharon, Hollmann Charleen, Harvey Ben-Gary, Kaner Robert J., Salit Jacqueline, Yee-Levin Jenny, Sridhar Sriram, Pillai Sreekumar, Hilton Holly, Wolff Gerhard, Bitter Hans, Visvanathan Sudha, Fine Jay, Stevenson Christopher S., Crystal Ronald G., Tilley Ann E., Intraflagellar Transport Gene Expression Associated with Short Cilia in Smoking and COPD, 10.1371/journal.pone.0085453
  127. Peters Edward J, Morice Rodolfo, Benner Steven E., Lippman Scott, Lukeman John, Lee J.S., Ro J.Y., Hong Waun K., Squamous Metaplasia of the Bronchial Mucosa and its Relationship to Smoking, 10.1378/chest.103.5.1429
  128. Lumsden A B, McLean A, Lamb D, Goblet and Clara cells of human distal airways: evidence for smoking induced changes in their numbers., 10.1136/thx.39.11.844
  129. Polosukhin Vasiliy V., Cates Justin M., Lawson William E., Zaynagetdinov Rinat, Milstone Aaron P., Massion Pierre P., Ocak Sebahat, Ware Lorraine B., Lee Jae Woo, Bowler Russell P., Kononov Alexey V., Randell Scott H., Blackwell Timothy S., Bronchial Secretory Immunoglobulin A Deficiency Correlates With Airway Inflammation and Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1164/rccm.201010-1629oc
  130. Nyunoya Toru, Mebratu Yohannes, Contreras Amelia, Delgado Monica, Chand Hitendra S., Tesfaigzi Yohannes, Molecular Processes that Drive Cigarette Smoke–Induced Epithelial Cell Fate of the Lung, 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0348tr
  131. Holtzman Michael J., Byers Derek E., Alexander-Brett Jennifer, Wang Xinyu, The role of airway epithelial cells and innate immune cells in chronic respiratory disease, 10.1038/nri3739
  132. Sajjan Uma S., Susceptibility to viral infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : role of epithelial cells, 10.1097/mcp.0b013e32835cef10
  133. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 16, 289 (2009)
  134. Jiang Yuan-Yuan, Xiao Wei, Zhu Mao-Xiang, Yang Zhi-Hua, Pan Xiu-Jie, Zhang Yi, Sun Cong-Cong, Xing Ying, The effect of human antibacterial peptide LL-37 in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.08.018
  135. Xiao Wei, Hsu Yao-Pi, Ishizaka Akitoshi, Kirikae Teruo, Moss Richard B., Sputum Cathelicidin, Urokinase Plasminogen Activation System Components, and Cytokines Discriminate Cystic Fibrosis, COPD, and Asthma Inflammation, 10.1378/chest.128.4.2316
  136. Tsoumakidou Maria, Bouloukaki Izolde, Thimaki Katerina, Tzanakis Nikos, Siafakas Nikos M., Innate immunity proteins in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 10.3109/01902141003690389
  137. Parameswaran Ganapathi Iyer, Sethi Sanjay, Murphy Timothy F., Effects of Bacterial Infection on Airway Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins in COPD, 10.1378/chest.10-2760
  138. Paone Gregorino, Conti Vittoria, Vestri Annarita, Leone Alvaro, Puglisi Giovanni, Benassi Fulvio, Brunetti Giuseppe, Schmid Giovanni, Cammarella Ilio, Terzano Claudio, Analysis of Sputum Markers in the Evaluation of Lung Inflammation and Functional Impairment in Symptomatic Smokers and COPD Patients, 10.1155/2011/139493
  139. Merkel Dietrich, Rist Wolfgang, Seither Peter, Weith Andreas, Lenter Martin C., Proteomic study of human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by combining surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry profiling with mass spectrometric protein identification, 10.1002/pmic.200401180
  140. Chen Christiane I.-U., Schaller-Bals Susanne, Paul Karl P., Wahn Ulrich, Bals Robert, β-defensins and LL-37 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with cystic fibrosis, 10.1016/j.jcf.2003.12.008
  141. Persson Louise J.P, Aanerud Marianne, Hardie Jon A., Miodini Nilsen Roy, Bakke Per S., Eagan Tomas M., Hiemstra Pieter S., Antimicrobial peptide levels are linked to airway inflammation, bacterial colonisation and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.1183/13993003.01328-2016
  142. Mallia Patrick, Footitt Joseph, Sotero Rosa, Jepson Annette, Contoli Marco, Trujillo-Torralbo Maria-Belen, Kebadze Tatiana, Aniscenko Julia, Oleszkiewicz Gregory, Gray Katrina, Message Simon D., Ito Kazuhiro, Barnes Peter J., Adcock Ian M., Papi Alberto, Stanciu Luminita A., Elkin Sarah L., Kon Onn M., Johnson Malcolm, Johnston Sebastian L., Rhinovirus Infection Induces Degradation of Antimicrobial Peptides and Secondary Bacterial Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1164/rccm.201205-0806oc
  143. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 115, 148 (1990)
  144. Luo Bai-Ling, Niu Rui-Chao, Feng Jun-Tao, Hu Cheng-Ping, Xie Xiao-Yun, Ma Li-Juan, Downregulation of Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: The Role Of TGF-β/Smads Signaling Pathways, 10.1016/j.arcmed.2008.02.002
  145. Hollander Camilla, Sitkauskiene Brigita, Sakalauskas Raimundas, Westin Ulla, Janciauskiene Sabina M., Serum and bronchial lavage fluid concentrations of IL-8, SLPI, sCD14 and sICAM-1 in patients with COPD and asthma, 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.04.010
  146. Pace Elisabetta, Giarratano Antonino, Ferraro Maria, Bruno Andreina, Siena Liboria, Mangione Salvatore, Johnson Malcolm, Gjomarkaj Mark, TLR4 upregulation underpins airway neutrophilia in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure, 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.09.009
  147. Barnes P.J., Shapiro S.D., Pauwels R.A., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: molecular and cellularmechanisms, 10.1183/09031936.03.00040703
  148. Lugade A. A., Bogner P. N., Thatcher T. H., Sime P. J., Phipps R. P., Thanavala Y., Cigarette Smoke Exposure Exacerbates Lung Inflammation and Compromises Immunity to Bacterial Infection, 10.4049/jimmunol.1302584
  149. Brusselle Guy G, Joos Guy F, Bracke Ken R, New insights into the immunology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60988-4
  150. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 12, S169 (2015)
  151. Maes Tania, Bracke Ken R., Vermaelen Karim Y., Demedts Ingel K., Joos Guy F., Pauwels Romain A., Brusselle Guy G., Murine TLR4 Is Implicated in Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation, 10.1159/000095462
  152. Ferhani Nassima, Letuve Séverine, Kozhich Alexander, Thibaudeau Olivier, Grandsaigne Martine, Maret Marielle, Dombret Marie-Christine, Sims Gary P., Kolbeck Roland, Coyle Anthony J., Aubier Michel, Pretolani Marina, Expression of High-Mobility Group Box 1 and of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1164/rccm.200903-0340oc
  153. Lommatzsch Marek, Cicko Sanja, Müller Tobias, Lucattelli Monica, Bratke Kai, Stoll Paul, Grimm Melanie, Dürk Thorsten, Zissel Gernot, Ferrari Davide, Di Virgilio Francesco, Sorichter Stephan, Lungarella Giuseppe, Virchow J. Christian, Idzko Marco, Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1164/rccm.200910-1506oc
  154. Kim Richard Y, Pinkerton James W, Gibson Peter G, Cooper Matthew A, Horvat Jay C, Hansbro Philip M, Inflammasomes in COPD and neutrophilic asthma, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206736
  155. Barnes Peter J., Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.011
  156. Churg Andrew, Zhou Steven, Wang Xiaoshan, Wang Rona, Wright Joanne L., The Role of Interleukin-1β in Murine Cigarette Smoke–Induced Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling, 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0038oc
  157. Schulz Christian, Wolf Konrad, Harth Martina, Krätzel Kirsten, Kunz-Schughart Leoni, Pfeifer Michael, Expression and Release of Interleukin-8 by Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Smokers, and Never-Smokers, 10.1159/000072006
  158. van ‘t Wout Emily F.A., Dickens Jennifer A., van Schadewijk Annemarie, Haq Imran, Kwok Hang Fai, Ordóñez Adriana, Murphy Gillian, Stolk Jan, Lomas David A., Hiemstra Pieter S., Marciniak Stefan J., Increased ERK signalling promotes inflammatory signalling in primary airway epithelial cells expressing Z α1-antitrypsin, 10.1093/hmg/ddt487
  159. Di Stefano A., Caramori G., Gnemmi I., Contoli M., Vicari C., Capelli A., Magno F., D'Anna S. E., Zanini A., Brun P., Casolari P., Chung K. F., Barnes P. J., Papi A., Adcock I., Balbi B., T helper type 17-related cytokine expression is increased in the bronchial mucosa of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03965.x
  160. Doe Camille, Bafadhel Mona, Siddiqui Salman, Desai Dhananjay, Mistry Vijay, Rugman Paul, McCormick Margaret, Woods Joanne, May Richard, Sleeman Matthew A., Anderson Ian K., Brightling Christopher E., Expression of the T Helper 17-Associated Cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F in Asthma and COPD, 10.1378/chest.09-3058
  161. Sapey Elizabeth, Stockley James A., Greenwood Hannah, Ahmad Ali, Bayley Darren, Lord Janet M., Insall Robert H., Stockley Robert A., Behavioral and Structural Differences in Migrating Peripheral Neutrophils from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1164/rccm.201008-1285oc
  162. Berenson Charles S., Garlipp Mary Alice, Grove Lori J., Maloney Jane, Sethi Sanjay, Impaired Phagocytosis of NontypeableHaemophilus influenzaeby Human Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1086/508428
  163. Berenson Charles S., Wrona Catherine T., Grove Lori J., Maloney Jane, Garlipp Mary Alice, Wallace Paul K., Stewart Carleton C., Sethi Sanjay, Impaired Alveolar Macrophage Response toHaemophilusAntigens in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, 10.1164/rccm.200509-1461oc
  164. Taylor A. E., Finney-Hayward T. K., Quint J. K., Thomas C. M. R., Tudhope S. J., Wedzicha J. A., Barnes P. J., Donnelly L. E., Defective macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria in COPD, 10.1183/09031936.00036709
  165. Berenson Charles S, Kruzel Ragina L, Eberhardt Ellana, Dolnick Ree, Minderman Hans, Wallace Paul K, Sethi Sanjay, Impaired innate immune alveolar macrophage response and the predilection for COPD exacerbations, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203669
  166. Van Pottelberge Geert R, Bracke Ken R, Demedts Ingel K, De Rijck Kim, Reinartz Susanne M, van Drunen Cornelis M, Verleden Geert M, Vermassen Frank E, Joos Guy F, Brusselle Guy G, Selective accumulation of langerhans-type dendritic cells in small airways of patients with COPD, 10.1186/1465-9921-11-35
  167. Freeman Christine M., Martinez Fernando J., Han MeiLan K., Ames Theresa M., Chensue Stephen W., Todt Jill C., Arenberg Douglas A., Meldrum Catherine A., Getty Christi, McCloskey Lisa, Curtis Jeffrey L., Lung Dendritic Cell Expression of Maturation Molecules Increases with Worsening Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1164/rccm.200904-0552oc
  168. Vassallo Robert, Walters Paula R, Lamont Jeffrey, Kottom Theodore J, Yi Eunhee S, Limper Andrew H, Cigarette smoke promotes dendritic cell accumulation in COPD; a Lung Tissue Research Consortium study, 10.1186/1465-9921-11-45
  169. Demedts Ingel K., Bracke Ken R., Van Pottelberge Geert, Testelmans Dries, Verleden Geert M., Vermassen Frank E., Joos Guy F., Brusselle Guy G., Accumulation of Dendritic Cells and Increased CCL20 Levels in the Airways of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1164/rccm.200608-1113oc
  170. Rogers A V, Adelroth E, Hattotuwa K, Dewar A, Jeffery P K, Bronchial mucosal dendritic cells in smokers and ex-smokers with COPD: an electron microscopic study, 10.1136/thx.2007.078253
  171. Tsoumakidou Maria, Bouloukaki Izolde, Koutala Heleni, Kouvidi Katerina, Mitrouska Ioanna, Zakynthinos Spyros, Tzanakis Nikolaos, Jeffery Peter K., Siafakas Nikolaos M., Decreased Sputum Mature Dendritic Cells in Healthy Smokers and Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1159/000226240
  172. LIAO SHI-XIA, DING TING, RAO XI-MIN, SUN DE-SHENG, SUN PENG-PENG, WANG YA-JUN, FU DAN-DAN, LIU XIAO-LI, OU-YANG YAO, Cigarette smoke affects dendritic cell maturation in the small airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.3892/mmr.2014.2759
  173. Mjösberg Jenny, Spits Hergen, Human innate lymphoid cells, 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.009
  174. De Grove Katrien C., Provoost Sharen, Verhamme Fien M., Bracke Ken R., Joos Guy F., Maes Tania, Brusselle Guy G., Characterization and Quantification of Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets in Human Lung, 10.1371/journal.pone.0145961
  175. Silver Jonathan S, Kearley Jennifer, Copenhaver Alan M, Sanden Caroline, Mori Michiko, Yu Li, Pritchard Gretchen Harms, Berlin Aaron A, Hunter Christopher A, Bowler Russell, Erjefalt Jonas S, Kolbeck Roland, Humbles Alison A, Inflammatory triggers associated with exacerbations of COPD orchestrate plasticity of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in the lungs, 10.1038/ni.3443
  176. Bal Suzanne M, Bernink Jochem H, Nagasawa Maho, Groot Jelle, Shikhagaie Medya M, Golebski Kornel, van Drunen Cornelis M, Lutter Rene, Jonkers Rene E, Hombrink Pleun, Bruchard Melanie, Villaudy Julien, Munneke J Marius, Fokkens Wytske, Erjefält Jonas S, Spits Hergen, Ros Xavier Romero, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-12 control the fate of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in human airway inflammation in the lungs, 10.1038/ni.3444
  177. Roos Abraham B., Sandén Caroline, Mori Michiko, Bjermer Leif, Stampfli Martin R., Erjefält Jonas S., IL-17A Is Elevated in End-Stage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Contributes to Cigarette Smoke–induced Lymphoid Neogenesis, 10.1164/rccm.201410-1861oc
  178. Montaldo Elisa, Juelke Kerstin, Romagnani Chiara, Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s): Origin, differentiation, and plasticity in humans and mice : Highlights - (Mini-Review), 10.1002/eji.201545598
  179. Hogg James C., Chu Fanny, Utokaparch Soraya, Woods Ryan, Elliott W. Mark, Buzatu Liliana, Cherniack Ruben M., Rogers Robert M., Sciurba Frank C., Coxson Harvey O., Paré Peter D., The Nature of Small-Airway Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1056/nejmoa032158
  180. van der Strate Barry W. A., Postma Dirkje S., Brandsma Corry-Anke, Melgert Barbro N., Luinge Marjan A., Geerlings Marie, Hylkema Machteld N., van den Berg Anke, Timens Wim, Kerstjens Huib A. M., Cigarette Smoke–induced Emphysema : A Role for the B Cell?, 10.1164/rccm.200504-594oc
  181. Mori Michiko, Andersson Cecilia K, Svedberg Kaj A, Glader Pernilla, Bergqvist Anders, Shikhagaie Medya, Löfdahl Claes-Göran, Erjefält Jonas S, Appearance of remodelled and dendritic cell-rich alveolar-lymphoid interfaces provides a structural basis for increased alveolar antigen uptake in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202879
  182. Lammertyn Elise J., Vandermeulen Elly, Bellon Hannelore, Everaerts Stephanie, Verleden Stijn E., Van Den Eynde Kathleen, Bracke Ken R., Brusselle Guy G., Goeminne Pieter C., Verbeken Erik K., Vanaudenaerde Bart M., Dupont Lieven J., End-stage cystic fibrosis lung disease is characterised by a diverse inflammatory pattern: an immunohistochemical analysis, 10.1186/s12931-016-0489-2
  183. Frija-Masson Justine, Martin Clémence, Regard Lucile, Lothe Marie-Noëlle, Touqui Lhousseine, Durand Aurélie, Lucas Bruno, Damotte Diane, Alifano Marco, Fajac Isabelle, Burgel Pierre-Régis, Bacteria-driven peribronchial lymphoid neogenesis in bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis, 10.1183/13993003.01873-2016
  184. Voynow Judith A., Fischer Bernard M., Roberts Bruce C., Proia Alan D., Basal-like Cells Constitute the Proliferating Cell Population in Cystic Fibrosis Airways, 10.1164/rccm.200410-1398oc
  185. Trinh Nguyen Thu Ngan, Bardou Olivier, Privé Anik, Maillé Emilie, Adam Damien, Lingée Sarah, Ferraro Pasquale, Desrosiers Martin-Yvon, Coraux Christelle, Brochiero Emmanuelle, Improvement of defective cystic fibrosis airway epithelial wound repair after CFTR rescue, 10.1183/09031936.00221711
  186. Hubeau C., Lorenzato M., Couetil J. P., Hubert D., Dusser D., Puchelle E., Gaillard D., Quantitative analysis of inflammatory cells infiltrating the cystic fibrosis airway mucosa, 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01456.x
  187. Leigh M W, Kylander J E, Yankaskas J R, Boucher R C, Cell proliferation in bronchial epithelium and submucosal glands of cystic fibrosis patients., 10.1165/ajrcmb.12.6.7766425
  188. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 59, 565 (2008)
  189. Tiddens H.A.W.M., Koopman L.P., Lambert R.K., Elliott W.m, Hop W.C.j, van der Mark T.w, de Boer W.j, de Jongste J.C., Cartilaginous airway wall dimensions and airway resistance in cystic fibrosis lungs, 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15d18.x
  190. Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology, 21, 521 (1989)
  191. European Journal of Respiratory Diseases, 71, 187 (1987)
  192. Oppenheimer Ella H., Similarity of the tracheobronchial mucous glands and epithelium in infants with and without cystic fibrosis, 10.1016/s0046-8177(81)80240-7
  193. Godfrey R. W. A., Severs N. J., Jeffery P. K., Structural Alterations of Airway Epithelial Tight Junctions in Cystic Fibrosis: Comparison of Transplant and Postmortem Tissue, 10.1165/ajrcmb/9.2.148
  194. Tiddens Harm A.W.M., Donaldson Scott H., Rosenfeld Margaret, Paré Peter D., Cystic fibrosis lung disease starts in the small airways: Can we treat it more effectively?, 10.1002/ppul.21154
  195. DURIEU ISABELLE, PEYROL SIMONE, GINDRE DOMINIQUE, BELLON GABRIEL, DURAND DENIS VITAL, PACHECO YVES, Subepithelial Fibrosis and Degradation of the Bronchial Extracellular Matrix in Cystic Fibrosis, 10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9707126
  196. Hays Steven R., Fahy John V., Characterizing Mucous Cell Remodeling in Cystic Fibrosis : Relationship to Neutrophils, 10.1164/rccm.200603-310oc
  197. Schiller Katherine R., Maniak Peter J., O'Grady Scott M., Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is involved in airway epithelial wound repair, 10.1152/ajpcell.00215.2010
  198. Wielpütz Mark O., Weinheimer Oliver, Eichinger Monika, Wiebel Matthias, Biederer Jürgen, Kauczor Hans-Ulrich, Heußel Claus P., Mall Marcus A., Puderbach Michael, Pulmonary Emphysema in Cystic Fibrosis Detected by Densitometry on Chest Multidetector Computed Tomography, 10.1371/journal.pone.0073142
  199. Mets Onno M., Roothaan Suzan M., Bronsveld Inez, Luijk Bart, van de Graaf Ed A., Vink Aryan, de Jong Pim A., Emphysema Is Common in Lungs of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Transplantation Patients: A Histopathological and Computed Tomography Study, 10.1371/journal.pone.0128062
  200. Petrache Irina, Natarajan Viswanathan, Zhen Lijie, Medler Terry R, Richter Amy T, Cho Chung, Hubbard Walter C, Berdyshev Evgeny V, Tuder Rubin M, Ceramide upregulation causes pulmonary cell apoptosis and emphysema-like disease in mice, 10.1038/nm1238
  201. Kirk Kevin L., CFTR channels and wound healing. Focus on “Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is involved in airway epithelial wound repair”, 10.1152/ajpcell.00313.2010
  202. Trinh Nguyen Thu Ngan, Privé Anik, Maillé Emilie, Noël Josette, Brochiero Emmanuelle, EGF and K+ channel activity control normal and cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelia repair, 10.1152/ajplung.90224.2008
  203. Gosden ChristineM., Gosden JohnR., FETAL ABNORMALITIES IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS SUGGEST A DEFICIENCY IN PROTEOLYSIS OF CHOLECYSTOKININ, 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90765-7
  204. Ornoy A., Arnon J., Katznelson D., Granat M., Caspi B., Chemke J., Opitz John M., Reynolds James F., Pathological confirmation of cystic fibrosis in the fetus following prenatal diagnosis, 10.1002/ajmg.1320280420
  205. Hajj R, Lesimple P, Nawrocki-Raby B, Birembaut P, Puchelle E, Coraux C, Human airway surface epithelial regeneration is delayed and abnormal in cystic fibrosis, 10.1002/path.2118
  206. Adam Damien, Roux-Delrieu Jacqueline, Luczka Emilie, Bonnomet Arnaud, Lesage Julien, Mérol Jean-Claude, Polette Myriam, Abély Michel, Coraux Christelle, Cystic fibrosis airway epithelium remodelling: involvement of inflammation, 10.1002/path.4471
  207. Vachier I, Inflammatory features of nasal mucosa in smokers with and without COPD, 10.1136/thx.2003.006650
  208. Jeffery Peter K., Comparison of the Structural and Inflammatory Features of COPD and Asthma Giles F. Filley Lecture, 10.1378/chest.117.5_suppl_1.251s
  209. Chmiel James F., Konstan Michael W., Inflammation and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, 10.1016/j.ccm.2007.02.002
  210. Hilliard T. N, Regamey N., Shute J. K, Nicholson A. G, Alton E. W F W, Bush A., Davies J. C, Airway remodelling in children with cystic fibrosis, 10.1136/thx.2006.074641
  211. Regamey N., Jeffery P. K., Alton E. W. F. W., Bush A., Davies J. C., Airway remodelling and its relationship to inflammation in cystic fibrosis, 10.1136/thx.2009.134106
  212. Iosifidis Thomas, Garratt Luke W., Coombe Deirdre R., Knight Darryl A., Stick Stephen M., Kicic Anthony, Airway epithelial repair in health and disease: Orchestrator or simply a player? : Importance of airway epithelial repair, 10.1111/resp.12731
  213. Garratt Luke W., Sutanto Erika N., Ling Kak-Ming, Looi Kevin, Iosifidis Thomas, Martinovich Kelly M., Shaw Nicole C., Buckley Alysia G., Kicic-Starcevich Elizabeth, Lannigan Francis J., Knight Darryl A., Stick Stephen M., Kicic Anthony, Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Mitigates the Inhibition of Airway Epithelial Cell Repair by Neutrophil Elastase, 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0074oc
  214. Gaggar A., Hector A., Bratcher P. E., Mall M. A., Griese M., Hartl D., The role of matrix metalloproteinases in cystic fibrosis lung disease, 10.1183/09031936.00173210
  215. Sagel Scott D., Kapsner Robert K., Osberg Iris, Induced sputum matrix metalloproteinase-9 correlates with lung function and airway inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis, 10.1002/ppul.20165
  216. Garratt Luke W., Sutanto Erika N., Ling Kak-Ming, Looi Kevin, Iosifidis Thomas, Martinovich Kelly M., Shaw Nicole C., Kicic-Starcevich Elizabeth, Knight Darryl A., Ranganathan Sarath, Stick Stephen M., Kicic Anthony, Matrix metalloproteinase activation by free neutrophil elastase contributes to bronchiectasis progression in early cystic fibrosis, 10.1183/09031936.00212114
  217. Sires U.I., Murphy G., Baragi V.M., Fliszar C.J., Welgus H.G., Senior R.M., Matrilysin Is Much More Efficient Than Other Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Proteolytic Inactivation of α1-Antitrypsin, 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2503
  218. Peters-Hall Jennifer R., Brown Kristy J., Pillai Dinesh K., Tomney Amarel, Garvin Lindsay M., Wu Xiaofang, Rose Mary C., Quantitative Proteomics Reveals an Altered Cystic FibrosisIn VitroBronchial Epithelial Secretome, 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0256rc
  219. Itokazu Yutaka, Pagano Richard E., Schroeder Andreas S., O'Grady Scott M., Limper Andrew H., Marks David L., Reduced GM1 ganglioside in CFTR-deficient human airway cells results in decreased β1-integrin signaling and delayed wound repair, 10.1152/ajpcell.00168.2013
  220. Hamutcu Refika, Rowland Jon M., Horn Monica V., Kaminsky Cornelia, MacLaughlin Eithne F., Starnes Vaughn A., Woo Marlyn S., Clinical Findings and Lung Pathology in Children with Cystic Fibrosis, 10.1164/ajrccm.165.8.2104090
  221. Boon Mieke, Verleden Stijn E., Bosch Barbara, Lammertyn Elise J., McDonough John E., Mai Cindy, Verschakelen Johny, Kemner-van de Corput Mariette, Tiddens Harm A. W., Proesmans Marijke, Vermeulen François L., Verbeken Erik K., Cooper Joel, Van Raemdonck Dirk E., Decramer Marc, Verleden Geert M., Hogg James C., Dupont Lieven J., Vanaudenaerde Bart M., De Boeck Kris, Morphometric Analysis of Explant Lungs in Cystic Fibrosis, 10.1164/rccm.201507-1281oc
  222. SAETTA MARINA, TURATO GRAZIELLA, BARALDO SIMONETTA, ZANIN ANNALISA, BRACCIONI FAUSTO, MAPP CRISTINA E., MAESTRELLI PIERO, CAVALLESCO GIORGIO, PAPI ALBERTO, FABBRI LEONARDO M., Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Epithelial Inflammation in Peripheral Airways of Smokers with Both Symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis and Chronic Airflow Limitation, 10.1164/ajrccm.161.3.9907080
  223. McDonough John E., Yuan Ren, Suzuki Masaru, Seyednejad Nazgol, Elliott W. Mark, Sanchez Pablo G., Wright Alexander C., Gefter Warren B., Litzky Leslie, Coxson Harvey O., Paré Peter D., Sin Don D., Pierce Richard A., Woods Jason C., McWilliams Annette M., Mayo John R., Lam Stephen C., Cooper Joel D., Hogg James C., Small-Airway Obstruction and Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1056/nejmoa1106955
  224. Yang Jing, Zuo Wu-Lin, Fukui Tomoya, Chao IonWa, Gomi Kazunori, Lee Busub, Staudt Michelle R., Kaner Robert J., Strulovici-Barel Yael, Salit Jacqueline, Crystal Ronald G., Shaykhiev Renat, Smoking-Dependent Distal-to-Proximal Repatterning of the Adult Human Small Airway Epithelium, 10.1164/rccm.201608-1672oc
  225. de Boer Willem I., Hau Chi M., van Schadewijk Annemarie, Stolk Jan, van Krieken J. Han J.M., Hiemstra Pieter S., Expression of Epidermal Growth Factors and Their Receptors in the Bronchial Epithelium of Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1309/w1axkgt7ua37x257
  226. Perotin Jeanne-Marie, Adam Damien, Vella-Boucaud Juliette, Delepine Gonzague, Sandu Sebastian, Jonvel Anne-Carole, Prevost Alain, Berthiot Gérard, Pison Christophe, Lebargy François, Birembaut Philippe, Coraux Christelle, Deslee Gaëtan, Delay of airway epithelial wound repair in COPD is associated with airflow obstruction severity, 10.1186/s12931-014-0151-9
  227. Sohal Sukhwinder S, Reid David, Soltani Amir, Ward Chris, Weston Steven, Muller H Konrad, Wood-Baker Richard, Walters E Haydn, Evaluation of epithelial mesenchymal transition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10.1186/1465-9921-12-130
  228. Hupin C., Gohy S., Bouzin C., Lecocq M., Polette M., Pilette C., Features of mesenchymal transition in the airway epithelium from chronic rhinosinusitis, 10.1111/all.12503
  229. Shin Hyun-Woo, Cho Kumsun, Kim Dae Woo, Han Doo Hee, Khalmuratova Roza, Kim Sang-Wook, Jeon Sea-Yuong, Min Yang-Gi, Lee Chul Hee, Rhee Chae-Seo, Park Jong-Wan, Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1 Mediates Nasal Polypogenesis by Inducing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, 10.1164/rccm.201109-1706oc
  230. Mahmood Malik, Sohal Sukhwinder Singh, Shukla Shakti Dhar, Hardikar Ashutosh, Noor Wan Danial, Muller Hans Konrad, Knight Darryl, Walters Eugene Haydn, Ward Chris, Epithelial mesenchymal transition in smokers: large versus small airways and relation to airflow obstruction, 10.2147/copd.s81032
  231. Milara Javier, Peiró Teresa, Serrano Adela, Cortijo Julio, Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is increased in patients with COPD and induced by cigarette smoke, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-201761
  232. Gohy Sophie T., Hupin Cloé, Fregimilicka Chantal, Detry Bruno R., Bouzin Caroline, Gaide Chevronay Héloïse, Lecocq Marylène, Weynand Birgit, Ladjemi Maha Z., Pierreux Christophe E., Birembaut Philippe, Polette Myriam, Pilette Charles, Imprinting of the COPD airway epithelium for dedifferentiation and mesenchymal transition, 10.1183/09031936.00135814
  233. Heijink Irene H., de Bruin Harold G., Dennebos Robin, Jonker Marnix R., Noordhoek Jacobien A., Brandsma Corry-Anke, van den Berge Maarten, Postma Dirkje S., Cigarette smoke-induced epithelial expression of WNT-5B: implications for COPD, 10.1183/13993003.01541-2015
  234. Baarsma Hoeke A., Skronska-Wasek Wioletta, Mutze Kathrin, Ciolek Florian, Wagner Darcy E., John-Schuster Gerrit, Heinzelmann Katharina, Günther Andreas, Bracke Ken R., Dagouassat Maylis, Boczkowski Jorge, Brusselle Guy G., Smits Ron, Eickelberg Oliver, Yildirim Ali Ö., Königshoff Melanie, Noncanonical WNT-5A signaling impairs endogenous lung repair in COPD, 10.1084/jem.20160675
  235. Gohy Sophie T., Detry Bruno R., Lecocq Marylène, Bouzin Caroline, Weynand Birgit A., Amatngalim Gimano D., Sibille Yves M., Pilette Charles, Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Down-regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Persistence in the Cultured Epithelium and Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β, 10.1164/rccm.201311-1971oc
  236. PILETTE CHARLES, GODDING VÉRONIQUE, KISS ROBERT, DELOS MONIQUE, VERBEKEN ERIC, DECAESTECKER CHRISTINE, DE PAEPE KRISTEL, VAERMAN JEAN-PIERRE, DECRAMER MARC, SIBILLE YVES, Reduced Epithelial Expression of Secretory Component in Small Airways Correlates with Airflow Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.1164/ajrccm.163.1.9912137
  237. Richmond Bradley W., Brucker Robert M., Han Wei, Du Rui-Hong, Zhang Yongqin, Cheng Dong-Sheng, Gleaves Linda, Abdolrasulnia Rasul, Polosukhina Dina, Clark Peter E., Bordenstein Seth R., Blackwell Timothy S., Polosukhin Vasiliy V., Airway bacteria drive a progressive COPD-like phenotype in mice with polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency, 10.1038/ncomms11240
  238. Sohal Sukhwinder Singh, Soltani Amir, Reid David, Ward Chris, Wills Karen, Muller Hans, Walters Eugene, A randomized controlled trial of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in large airway samples in COPD: an exploratory proof of concept study, 10.2147/copd.s63911
  239. Podowski Megan, Calvi Carla, Metzger Shana, Misono Kaori, Poonyagariyagorn Hataya, Lopez-Mercado Armando, Ku Therese, Lauer Thomas, McGrath-Morrow Sharon, Berger Alan, Cheadle Christopher, Tuder Rubin, Dietz Harry C., Mitzner Wayne, Wise Robert, Neptune Enid, Angiotensin receptor blockade attenuates cigarette smoke–induced lung injury and rescues lung architecture in mice, 10.1172/jci46215
Bibliographic reference De Rose, Virginia ; Molloy, Kevin ; Gohy, Sophie ; Pilette, Charles ; Greene, Catherine M.. Airway Epithelium Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis and COPD. In: Mediators of Inflammation, Vol. 2018, p. 1309746 [1-20] (2018)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/200336