User menu

Accès à distance ? S'identifier sur le proxy UCLouvain

An assessment of ten ocean reanalyses in the polar regions

Primary tabs

Uotila, Petteri Goosse, Hugues [UCL] Haines, Keith Chevallier, Matthieu Barthélemy, Antoine Massonnet, François [UCL] Zhang, Zhaoru

Global and regional ocean and sea ice reanalysis products (ORAs) are increasingly used in polar research, but their quality remains to be systematically assessed. To address this, the Polar ORA Intercomparison Project (Polar ORA-IP) has been established following on from the ORA-IP project. Several aspects of ten selected ORAs in the Arctic and Antarctic were addressed by concentrating on comparing their mean states in terms of snow, sea ice, ocean transports and hydrography. Most polar diagnostics were carried out for the first time in such an extensive set of ORAs. For the multi-ORA mean state, we found that deviations from observations were typically smaller than individual ORA anomalies, often attributed to off-setting biases of individual ORAs. The ORA ensemble mean therefore appears to be a useful product and while knowing its main deficiencies and recognising its restrictions, it can be used to gain useful information on the physical state of the polar marine environment.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2019
Language Anglais
Journal information "Climate Dynamics" - Vol. 52, no. 4-5, p. 1613–1650 (2019)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Springer Nature
issn 0930-7575
e-issn 1432-0894
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate
Links
  1. Aagaard K., Carmack E. C., The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the Arctic circulation, 10.1029/jc094ic10p14485
  2. Aagaard Knut, Greisman Paul, Toward new mass and heat budgets for the Arctic Ocean, 10.1029/jc080i027p03821
  3. Abernathey Ryan P., Cerovecki Ivana, Holland Paul R., Newsom Emily, Mazloff Matt, Talley Lynne D., Water-mass transformation by sea ice in the upper branch of the Southern Ocean overturning, 10.1038/ngeo2749
  4. Argo (2000) Argo float data and metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC). SEANOE
  5. Azaneu M., Kerr R., Mata M. M., Assessment of the representation of Antarctic Bottom Water properties in the ECCO2 reanalysis, 10.5194/os-10-923-2014
  6. Balmaseda M.A., Hernandez F., Storto A., Palmer M.D., Alves O., Shi L., Smith G.C., Toyoda T., Valdivieso M., Barnier B., Behringer D., Boyer T., Chang Y-S., Chepurin G.A., Ferry N., Forget G., Fujii Y., Good S., Guinehut S., Haines K., Ishikawa Y., Keeley S., Köhl A., Lee T., Martin M.J., Masina S., Masuda S., Meyssignac B., Mogensen K., Parent L., Peterson K.A., Tang Y.M., Yin Y., Vernieres G., Wang X., Waters J., Wedd R., Wang O., Xue Y., Chevallier M., Lemieux J-F., Dupont F., Kuragano T., Kamachi M., Awaji T., Caltabiano A., Wilmer-Becker K., Gaillard F., The Ocean Reanalyses Intercomparison Project (ORA-IP), 10.1080/1755876x.2015.1022329
  7. Barthélemy Antoine, Fichefet Thierry, Goosse Hugues, Madec Gurvan, Modeling the interplay between sea ice formation and the oceanic mixed layer: Limitations of simple brine rejection parameterizations, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.12.009
  8. Blockley E. W., Martin M. J., McLaren A. J., Ryan A. G., Waters J., Lea D. J., Mirouze I., Peterson K. A., Sellar A., Storkey D., Recent development of the Met Office operational ocean forecasting system: an overview and assessment of the new Global FOAM forecasts, 10.5194/gmd-7-2613-2014
  9. Blockley E, Lea D, Martin M, McLaren A, Mirouze I, Ryan A, Siddorn J, Storkey D, Waters J (2015) Recent development and assessment of the Met Office operational global ocean forecasting system (FOAM). In: Buch E, Antoniou Y, Eparkhina D, Nolan G (eds) Operational oceanography for sustainable blue growth, Proceedings of the seventh EuroGOOS international conference, 28–30 October 2014, Lisbon, Portugal (ISBN 978-2-9601883-1-8)
  10. Bonjean Fabrice, Lagerloef Gary S. E., Diagnostic Model and Analysis of the Surface Currents in the Tropical Pacific Ocean, 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<2938:dmaaot>2.0.co;2
  11. Carton James A., Giese Benjamin S., A Reanalysis of Ocean Climate Using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), 10.1175/2007mwr1978.1
  12. Cavalieri D. J., Parkinson C. L., Gloersen P., Comiso J. C., Zwally H. J., Deriving long-term time series of sea ice cover from satellite passive-microwave multisensor data sets, 10.1029/1999jc900081
  13. Chang You-Soon, Zhang Shaoqing, Rosati Anthony, Delworth Thomas L., Stern William F., An assessment of oceanic variability for 1960–2010 from the GFDL ensemble coupled data assimilation, 10.1007/s00382-012-1412-2
  14. Chevallier Matthieu, Smith Gregory C., Dupont Frédéric, Lemieux Jean-François, Forget Gael, Fujii Yosuke, Hernandez Fabrice, Msadek Rym, Peterson K. Andrew, Storto Andrea, Toyoda Takahiro, Valdivieso Maria, Vernieres Guillaume, Zuo Hao, Balmaseda Magdalena, Chang You-Soon, Ferry Nicolas, Garric Gilles, Haines Keith, Keeley Sarah, Kovach Robin M., Kuragano Tsurane, Masina Simona, Tang Yongming, Tsujino Hiroyuki, Wang Xiaochun, Intercomparison of the Arctic sea ice cover in global ocean–sea ice reanalyses from the ORA-IP project, 10.1007/s00382-016-2985-y
  15. Comiso Josefino C., Large Decadal Decline of the Arctic Multiyear Ice Cover, 10.1175/jcli-d-11-00113.1
  16. Cullather Richard I., Bosilovich Michael G., The Energy Budget of the Polar Atmosphere in MERRA, 10.1175/2011jcli4138.1
  17. Cunningham S. A., Transport and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage, 10.1029/2001jc001147
  18. Curry B., Lee C. M., Petrie B., Moritz R. E., Kwok R., Multiyear Volume, Liquid Freshwater, and Sea Ice Transports through Davis Strait, 2004–10*, 10.1175/jpo-d-13-0177.1
  19. Danabasoglu Gokhan, Yeager Steve G., Bailey David, Behrens Erik, Bentsen Mats, Bi Daohua, Biastoch Arne, Böning Claus, Bozec Alexandra, Canuto Vittorio M., Cassou Christophe, Chassignet Eric, Coward Andrew C., Danilov Sergey, Diansky Nikolay, Drange Helge, Farneti Riccardo, Fernandez Elodie, Fogli Pier Giuseppe, Forget Gael, Fujii Yosuke, Griffies Stephen M., Gusev Anatoly, Heimbach Patrick, Howard Armando, Jung Thomas, Kelley Maxwell, Large William G., Leboissetier Anthony, Lu Jianhua, Madec Gurvan, Marsland Simon J., Masina Simona, Navarra Antonio, George Nurser A.J., Pirani Anna, y Mélia David Salas, Samuels Bonita L., Scheinert Markus, Sidorenko Dmitry, Treguier Anne-Marie, Tsujino Hiroyuki, Uotila Petteri, Valcke Sophie, Voldoire Aurore, Wang Qiang, North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part I: Mean states, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.10.005
  20. de Boyer Montégut Clément, Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology, 10.1029/2004jc002378
  21. de Lavergne Casimir, Palter Jaime B., Galbraith Eric D., Bernardello Raffaele, Marinov Irina, Cessation of deep convection in the open Southern Ocean under anthropogenic climate change, 10.1038/nclimate2132
  22. Colin de Verdière Alain, Ollitrault Michel, A Direct Determination of the World Ocean Barotropic Circulation, 10.1175/jpo-d-15-0046.1
  23. Dohan Kathleen, Maximenko Nikolai, Monitoring Ocean Currents with Satellite Sensors, 10.5670/oceanog.2010.08
  24. Donohue K. A., Tracey K. L., Watts D. R., Chidichimo M. P., Chereskin T. K., Mean Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport measured in Drake Passage : MEAN ACC TRANSPORT, 10.1002/2016gl070319
  25. Downes Stephanie M., Farneti Riccardo, Uotila Petteri, Griffies Stephen M., Marsland Simon J., Bailey David, Behrens Erik, Bentsen Mats, Bi Daohua, Biastoch Arne, Böning Claus, Bozec Alexandra, Canuto Vittorio M., Chassignet Eric, Danabasoglu Gokhan, Danilov Sergey, Diansky Nikolay, Drange Helge, Fogli Pier Giuseppe, Gusev Anatoly, Howard Armando, Ilicak Mehmet, Jung Thomas, Kelley Maxwell, Large William G., Leboissetier Anthony, Long Matthew, Lu Jianhua, Masina Simona, Mishra Akhilesh, Navarra Antonio, George Nurser A.J., Patara Lavinia, Samuels Bonita L., Sidorenko Dmitry, Spence Paul, Tsujino Hiroyuki, Wang Qiang, Yeager Stephen G., An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022
  26. Duan Yongliang, Liu Hongwei, Yu Weidong, Hou Yijun, The mean properties and variations of the Southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres estimated by Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) products, 10.1007/s13131-016-0901-2
  27. Eisenman I., Meier W. N., Norris J. R., A spurious jump in the satellite record: has Antarctic sea ice expansion been overestimated?, 10.5194/tc-8-1289-2014
  28. Fahrbach Eberhard, Meincke Jens, Østerhus Svein, Rohardt Gerd, Schauer Ursula, Tverberg Vigdis, Verduin Jennifer, Direct measurements of volume transports through Fram Strait, 10.3402/polar.v20i2.6520
  29. Farneti Riccardo, Downes Stephanie M., Griffies Stephen M., Marsland Simon J., Behrens Erik, Bentsen Mats, Bi Daohua, Biastoch Arne, Böning Claus, Bozec Alexandra, Canuto Vittorio M., Chassignet Eric, Danabasoglu Gokhan, Danilov Sergey, Diansky Nikolay, Drange Helge, Fogli Pier Giuseppe, Gusev Anatoly, Hallberg Robert W., Howard Armando, Ilicak Mehmet, Jung Thomas, Kelley Maxwell, Large William G., Leboissetier Anthony, Long Matthew, Lu Jianhua, Masina Simona, Mishra Akhilesh, Navarra Antonio, George Nurser A.J., Patara Lavinia, Samuels Bonita L., Sidorenko Dmitry, Tsujino Hiroyuki, Uotila Petteri, Wang Qiang, Yeager Steve G., An assessment of Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation during 1958–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.009
  30. Gammelsrød Tor, Leikvin Øyvind, Lien Vidar, Budgell W. Paul, Loeng Harald, Maslowski Wieslaw, Mass and heat transports in the NE Barents Sea: Observations and models, 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.010
  31. Ganachaud Alexandre, Wunsch Carl, 10.1038/35044048
  32. Garric G, Parent L, Greiner E, Drévillon M, Hamon M, Lellouche JM, Régnier C, Desportes C, Le Galloudec O, Bricaud C, Drillet Y, Hernandez F, Dubois C, Le Traon P-Y (2017) Performance and quality assessment of the global ocean eddy-permitting physical reanalysis glorys2v4. In: Buch E, Fernandez V, Nolan G, Eparkhina D (eds) Operational oceanography serving sustainable marine development. Proceedings of the eight EuroGOOS international conference, 2018, 3–5 October 2017, Bergen, Norway (ISBN 978-2-9601883-3-2)
  33. Gille Sarah T., Decadal-Scale Temperature Trends in the Southern Hemisphere Ocean, 10.1175/2008jcli2131.1
  34. Good Simon A., Martin Matthew J., Rayner Nick A., EN4: Quality controlled ocean temperature and salinity profiles and monthly objective analyses with uncertainty estimates : THE EN4 DATA SET, 10.1002/2013jc009067
  35. Griffies Stephen M., Biastoch Arne, Böning Claus, Bryan Frank, Danabasoglu Gokhan, Chassignet Eric P., England Matthew H., Gerdes Rüdiger, Haak Helmuth, Hallberg Robert W., Hazeleger Wilco, Jungclaus Johann, Large William G., Madec Gurvan, Pirani Anna, Samuels Bonita L., Scheinert Markus, Gupta Alex Sen, Severijns Camiel A., Simmons Harper L., Treguier Anne Marie, Winton Mike, Yeager Stephen, Yin Jianjun, Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs), 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.08.007
  36. Haumann F. Alexander, Gruber Nicolas, Münnich Matthias, Frenger Ivy, Kern Stefan, Sea-ice transport driving Southern Ocean salinity and its recent trends, 10.1038/nature19101
  37. Heimbach Patick, Menemenlis Dimitris, Losch Martin, Campin Jean-Michel, Hill Chris, On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 2: Lessons from multi-year adjoint sea-ice export sensitivities through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.02.002
  38. Holte James, Talley Lynne, A New Algorithm for Finding Mixed Layer Depths with Applications to Argo Data and Subantarctic Mode Water Formation*, 10.1175/2009jtecho543.1
  39. Huang Chuan Jiang, Qiao Fangli, Dai Dejun, Evaluating CMIP5 simulations of mixed layer depth during summer, 10.1002/2013jc009535
  40. Ilıcak Mehmet, Drange Helge, Wang Qiang, Gerdes Rüdiger, Aksenov Yevgeny, Bailey David, Bentsen Mats, Biastoch Arne, Bozec Alexandra, Böning Claus, Cassou Christophe, Chassignet Eric, Coward Andrew C., Curry Beth, Danabasoglu Gokhan, Danilov Sergey, Fernandez Elodie, Fogli Pier Giuseppe, Fujii Yosuke, Griffies Stephen M., Iovino Doroteaciro, Jahn Alexandra, Jung Thomas, Large William G., Lee Craig, Lique Camille, Lu Jianhua, Masina Simona, George Nurser A.J., Roth Christina, Salas y Mélia David, Samuels Bonita L., Spence Paul, Tsujino Hiroyuki, Valcke Sophie, Voldoire Aurore, Wang Xuezhu, Yeager Steve G., An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004
  41. Climate Change 2013 - The Physical Science Basis : Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ISBN:9781107415324, 10.1017/cbo9781107415324
  42. Ivanova Natalia, Johannessen Ola M., Pedersen Leif Toudal, Tonboe Rasmus T., Retrieval of Arctic Sea Ice Parameters by Satellite Passive Microwave Sensors: A Comparison of Eleven Sea Ice Concentration Algorithms, 10.1109/tgrs.2014.2310136
  43. Jahn A., Aksenov Y., de Cuevas B. A., de Steur L., Häkkinen S., Hansen E., Herbaut C., Houssais M.-N., Karcher M., Kauker F., Lique C., Nguyen A., Pemberton P., Worthen D., Zhang J., Arctic Ocean freshwater: How robust are model simulations? : HOW ROBUST ARE ARCTIC FW SIMULATIONS?, 10.1029/2012jc007907
  44. Jahn Alexandra, Kay Jennifer E., Holland Marika M., Hall David M., How predictable is the timing of a summer ice-free Arctic? : PREDICTING A SUMMER ICE-FREE ARCTIC, 10.1002/2016gl070067
  45. Jones Julie M., Gille Sarah T., Goosse Hugues, Abram Nerilie J., Canziani Pablo O., Charman Dan J., Clem Kyle R., Crosta Xavier, de Lavergne Casimir, Eisenman Ian, England Matthew H., Fogt Ryan L., Frankcombe Leela M., Marshall Gareth J., Masson-Delmotte Valérie, Morrison Adele K., Orsi Anaïs J., Raphael Marilyn N., Renwick James A., Schneider David P., Simpkins Graham R., Steig Eric J., Stenni Barbara, Swingedouw Didier, Vance Tessa R., Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern Hemisphere surface climate, 10.1038/nclimate3103
  46. Karcher Michael J., Gerdes Rüdiger, Kauker Frank, Köberle Cornelia, Arctic warming: Evolution and spreading of the 1990s warm event in the Nordic seas and the Arctic Ocean : ARCTIC WARMING OF THE 1990S, 10.1029/2001jc001265
  47. Karcher Michael, Smith John N., Kauker Frank, Gerdes Rüdiger, Smethie William M., Recent changes in Arctic Ocean circulation revealed by iodine-129 observations and modeling : OCEAN CIRCULATION CHANGES, 10.1029/2011jc007513
  48. Karspeck A. R., Stammer D., Köhl A., Danabasoglu G., Balmaseda M., Smith D. M., Fujii Y., Zhang S., Giese B., Tsujino H., Rosati A., Comparison of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation between 1960 and 2007 in six ocean reanalysis products, 10.1007/s00382-015-2787-7
  49. Kauker F., Kaminski T., Karcher M., Giering R., Gerdes R., Voßbeck M., Adjoint analysis of the 2007 all time Arctic sea-ice minimum : ADJOINT SENSITIVITIES, 10.1029/2008gl036323
  50. Koenig Zoé, Provost Christine, Ferrari Ramiro, Sennéchael Nathalie, Rio Marie-Hélène, Volume transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: Production and validation of a 20 year long time series obtained from in situ and satellite observations, 10.1002/2014jc009966
  51. Köhl Armin, Evaluation of the GECCO2 ocean synthesis: transports of volume, heat and freshwater in the Atlantic : Evaluation of the GECCO2 Ocean Synthesis, 10.1002/qj.2347
  52. Kurtz N. T., Markus T., Satellite observations of Antarctic sea ice thickness and volume : ANTARCTIC SEA ICE THICKNESS, 10.1029/2012jc008141
  53. Lien Vidar S., Hjøllo Solfrid S., Skogen Morten D., Svendsen Einar, Wehde Henning, Bertino Laurent, Counillon Francois, Chevallier Matthieu, Garric Gilles, An assessment of the added value from data assimilation on modelled Nordic Seas hydrography and ocean transports, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.010
  54. Lindsay Ron, New Unified Sea Ice Thickness Climate Data Record, 10.1029/2010eo440001
  55. Lindsay R., Schweiger A., Arctic sea ice thickness loss determined using subsurface, aircraft, and satellite observations, 10.5194/tc-9-269-2015
  56. Lindsay R., Wensnahan M., Schweiger A., Zhang J., Evaluation of Seven Different Atmospheric Reanalysis Products in the Arctic*, 10.1175/jcli-d-13-00014.1
  57. Locarnini RA, Mishonov AV, Antonov JI, Boyer TP, Garcia HE, Baranova OK, Zweng MM, Paver CR, Reagan JR, Johnson DR, Hamilton M, Seidov D (2013) World Ocean Atlas 2013, Volume 1: temperature, S. Levitus, Ed., A. Mishonov Technical Ed. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 73:40
  58. Lumpkin Rick, Speer Kevin, Global Ocean Meridional Overturning, 10.1175/jpo3130.1
  59. Maksym Ted, Stammerjohn Sharon, Ackley Stephen, Massom Rob, Antarctic Sea Ice—A Polar Opposite?, 10.5670/oceanog.2012.88
  60. Marshall Gareth J., Trends in the Southern Annular Mode from Observations and Reanalyses, 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4134:titsam>2.0.co;2
  61. Masina Simona, Storto Andrea, Ferry Nicolas, Valdivieso Maria, Haines Keith, Balmaseda Magdalena, Zuo Hao, Drevillon Marie, Parent Laurent, An ensemble of eddy-permitting global ocean reanalyses from the MyOcean project, 10.1007/s00382-015-2728-5
  62. Massonnet François, Mathiot Pierre, Fichefet Thierry, Goosse Hugues, König Beatty Christof, Vancoppenolle Martin, Lavergne Thomas, A model reconstruction of the Antarctic sea ice thickness and volume changes over 1980–2008 using data assimilation, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.01.003
  63. Melia N., Haines K., Hawkins E., Improved Arctic sea ice thickness projections using bias-corrected CMIP5 simulations, 10.5194/tc-9-2237-2015
  64. Palmer M. D., Roberts C. D., Balmaseda M., Chang Y.-S., Chepurin G., Ferry N., Fujii Y., Good S. A., Guinehut S., Haines K., Hernandez F., Köhl A., Lee T., Martin M. J., Masina S., Masuda S., Peterson K. A., Storto A., Toyoda T., Valdivieso M., Vernieres G., Wang O., Xue Y., Ocean heat content variability and change in an ensemble of ocean reanalyses, 10.1007/s00382-015-2801-0
  65. Parkinson C. L., Cavalieri D. J., Antarctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010, 10.5194/tc-6-871-2012
  66. Pellichero Violaine, Sallée Jean-Baptiste, Schmidtko Sunke, Roquet Fabien, Charrassin Jean-Benoît, The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: Seasonal cycle and forcing : OCEAN MIXED LAYER UNDER SOUTHERN SEA-ICE, 10.1002/2016jc011970
  67. Polyakov Igor V., Bhatt Uma S., Walsh John E., Abrahamsen E. Povl, Pnyushkov Andrey V., Wassmann Paul F., Recent oceanic changes in the Arctic in the context of long-term observations, 10.1890/11-0902.1
  68. Polyakov Igor V., Pnyushkov Andrey V., Alkire Matthew B., Ashik Igor M., Baumann Till M., Carmack Eddy C., Goszczko Ilona, Guthrie John, Ivanov Vladimir V., Kanzow Torsten, Krishfield Richard, Kwok Ronald, Sundfjord Arild, Morison James, Rember Robert, Yulin Alexander, Greater role for Atlantic inflows on sea-ice loss in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, 10.1126/science.aai8204
  69. Proshutinsky Andrey, Krishfield Richard, Timmermans Mary-Louise, Toole John, Carmack Eddy, McLaughlin Fiona, Williams William J., Zimmermann Sarah, Itoh Motoyo, Shimada Koji, Beaufort Gyre freshwater reservoir: State and variability from observations, 10.1029/2008jc005104
  70. Proshutinsky A., Steele M., Timmermans M.-L., Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS): Past, current, and future activities : FAMOS PROJECT RESULTS, 10.1002/2016jc011898
  71. Rabe B., Karcher M., Kauker F., Schauer U., Toole J. M., Krishfield R. A., Pisarev S., Kikuchi T., Su J., Arctic Ocean basin liquid freshwater storage trend 1992-2012, 10.1002/2013gl058121
  72. Roach A. T., Aagaard K., Pease C. H., Salo S. A., Weingartner T., Pavlov V., Kulakov M., Direct measurements of transport and water properties through the Bering Strait, 10.1029/95jc01673
  73. Roemmich Dean, Church John, Gilson John, Monselesan Didier, Sutton Philip, Wijffels Susan, Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006, 10.1038/nclimate2513
  74. Roquet Fabien, Williams Guy, Hindell Mark A., Harcourt Rob, McMahon Clive, Guinet Christophe, Charrassin Jean-Benoit, Reverdin Gilles, Boehme Lars, Lovell Phil, Fedak Mike, A Southern Indian Ocean database of hydrographic profiles obtained with instrumented elephant seals, 10.1038/sdata.2014.28
  75. Roquet F, Boehme L, Fedak MA, Block B, Charrassin JB, Costa D, Hückstädt LA, Guinet C, Harcourt RG, Hindell MAA, McMahon CR, Woodward B (2017) Ocean observations using tagged animals. Oceanography
  76. Rosenblum Erica, Eisenman Ian, Sea Ice Trends in Climate Models Only Accurate in Runs with Biased Global Warming, 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0455.1
  77. Rougier Jonathan, Ensemble Averaging and Mean Squared Error, 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0012.1
  78. Sallée J.-B., Shuckburgh E., Bruneau N., Meijers A. J. S., Bracegirdle T. J., Wang Z., Assessment of Southern Ocean mixed-layer depths in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response : MIXED-LAYER DEPTHS IN CMIP5 MODELS, 10.1002/jgrc.20157
  79. Schauer U., Beszczynska-Möller A., Problems with estimation and interpretation of oceanic heat transport – conceptual remarks for the case of Fram Strait in the Arctic Ocean, 10.5194/os-5-487-2009
  80. Schmidtko Sunke, Heywood Karen J., Thompson Andrew F., Aoki Shigeru, Multidecadal warming of Antarctic waters, 10.1126/science.1256117
  81. Shi L., Alves O., Wedd R., Balmaseda M. A., Chang Y., Chepurin G., Ferry N., Fujii Y., Gaillard F., Good S. A., Guinehut S., Haines K., Hernandez F., Lee T., Palmer M., Peterson K.A., Masuda S., Storto A., Toyoda T., Valdivieso M., Vernieres G., Wang X., Yin Y., An assessment of upper ocean salinity content from the Ocean Reanalyses Inter-comparison Project (ORA-IP), 10.1007/s00382-015-2868-7
  82. Smedsrud Lars H., Esau Igor, Ingvaldsen Randi B., Eldevik Tor, Haugan Peter M., Li Camille, Lien Vidar S., Olsen Are, Omar Abdirahman M., Otterå Odd H., Risebrobakken Bjørg, Sandø Anne B., Semenov Vladimir A., Sorokina Svetlana A., THE ROLE OF THE BARENTS SEA IN THE ARCTIC CLIMATE SYSTEM : THE ROLE OF THE BARENTS SEA, 10.1002/rog.20017
  83. Stackhouse PW Jr, Gupta SK, Cox SJ, Zhang T, Mikovitz JC, Hinkelman LM (2011) 24.5-year srb date set released. GEWEX News 21:10–12
  84. Storto Andrea, Masina Simona, Navarra Antonio, Evaluation of the CMCC eddy-permitting global ocean physical reanalysis system (C-GLORS, 1982-2012) and its assimilation components : Evaluation of C-GLORS Global Ocean Reanalysis, 10.1002/qj.2673
  85. Storto Andrea, Masina Simona, Balmaseda Magdalena, Guinehut Stéphanie, Xue Yan, Szekely Tanguy, Fukumori Ichiro, Forget Gael, Chang You-Soon, Good Simon A., Köhl Armin, Vernieres Guillaume, Ferry Nicolas, Peterson K. Andrew, Behringer David, Ishii Masayoshi, Masuda Shuhei, Fujii Yosuke, Toyoda Takahiro, Yin Yonghong, Valdivieso Maria, Barnier Bernard, Boyer Tim, Lee Tony, Gourrion Jérome, Wang Ou, Heimback Patrick, Rosati Anthony, Kovach Robin, Hernandez Fabrice, Martin Matthew J., Kamachi Masafumi, Kuragano Tsurane, Mogensen Kristian, Alves Oscar, Haines Keith, Wang Xiaochun, Steric sea level variability (1993–2010) in an ensemble of ocean reanalyses and objective analyses, 10.1007/s00382-015-2554-9
  86. Stroeve Julienne C., Kattsov Vladimir, Barrett Andrew, Serreze Mark, Pavlova Tatiana, Holland Marika, Meier Walter N., Trends in Arctic sea ice extent from CMIP5, CMIP3 and observations : ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT FROM CMIP5, 10.1029/2012gl052676
  87. Sumata Hiroshi, Kauker Frank, Karcher Michael, Rabe Benjamin, Timmermans Mary-Louise, Behrendt Axel, Gerdes Rüdiger, Schauer Ursula, Shimada Koji, Cho Kyoung-Ho, Kikuchi Takashi, Decorrelation scales for Arctic Ocean Hydrography. Part I: Amerasian Basin, 10.5194/os-2017-70
  88. Schmidtko Sunke, Johnson Gregory C., Lyman John M., MIMOC: A global monthly isopycnal upper-ocean climatology with mixed layers : MIMOC, 10.1002/jgrc.20122
  89. Tietsche Steffen, Balmaseda Magdalena A., Zuo Hao, Mogensen Kristian, Arctic sea ice in the global eddy-permitting ocean reanalysis ORAP5, 10.1007/s00382-015-2673-3
  90. Toyoda Takahiro, Fujii Yosuke, Yasuda Tamaki, Usui Norihisa, Ogawa Koji, Kuragano Tsurane, Tsujino Hiroyuki, Kamachi Masafumi, Data assimilation of sea ice concentration into a global ocean–sea ice model with corrections for atmospheric forcing and ocean temperature fields, 10.1007/s10872-015-0326-0
  91. Toyoda Takahiro, Fujii Yosuke, Kuragano Tsurane, Kamachi Masafumi, Ishikawa Yoichi, Masuda Shuhei, Sato Kanako, Awaji Toshiyuki, Hernandez Fabrice, Ferry Nicolas, Guinehut Stéphanie, Martin Matthew J., Peterson K. Andrew, Good Simon A., Valdivieso Maria, Haines Keith, Storto Andrea, Masina Simona, Köhl Armin, Zuo Hao, Balmaseda Magdalena, Yin Yonghong, Shi Li, Alves Oscar, Smith Gregory, Chang You-Soon, Vernieres Guillaume, Wang Xiaochun, Forget Gael, Heimbach Patrick, Wang Ou, Fukumori Ichiro, Lee Tong, Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses, 10.1007/s00382-015-2637-7
  92. Toyoda Takahiro, Fujii Yosuke, Kuragano Tsurane, Kosugi Naohiro, Sasano Daisuke, Kamachi Masafumi, Ishikawa Yoichi, Masuda Shuhei, Sato Kanako, Awaji Toshiyuki, Hernandez Fabrice, Ferry Nicolas, Guinehut Stéphanie, Martin Matthew, Andrew Peterson K., Good Simon A., Valdivieso Maria, Haines Keith, Storto Andrea, Masina Simona, Köhl Armin, Yin Yonghong, Shi Li, Alves Oscar, Smith Gregory, Chang You-Soon, Vernieres Guillaume, Wang Xiaochun, Forget Gael, Heimbach Patrick, Wang Ou, Fukumori Ichiro, Lee Tong, Zuo Hao, Balmaseda Magdalena, Interannual-decadal variability of wintertime mixed layer depths in the North Pacific detected by an ensemble of ocean syntheses, 10.1007/s00382-015-2762-3
  93. Turner John, Comiso Josefino, Solve Antarctica’s sea-ice puzzle, 10.1038/547275a
  94. Turner John, Hosking J. Scott, Bracegirdle Thomas J., Marshall Gareth J., Phillips Tony, Recent changes in Antarctic Sea Ice, 10.1098/rsta.2014.0163
  95. Uotila Petteri, Holland David M., Morales Maqueda Miguel A., Häkkinen Sirpa, Holloway Greg, Karcher Michael, Kauker Frank, Steele Michael, Yakovlev Nikolai, Zhang Jinlun, Proshutinsky Andrey, An energy-diagnostics intercomparison of coupled ice-ocean Arctic models, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.11.003
  96. Valdivieso M., Haines K., Zuo H., Lea D., Freshwater and heat transports from global ocean synthesis : TRANSPORTS FROM GLOBAL OCEAN SYNTHESIS, 10.1002/2013jc009357
  97. Valdivieso M., Haines K., Zuo H., Lea D., Freshwater and heat transports from global ocean synthesis : TRANSPORTS FROM GLOBAL OCEAN SYNTHESIS, 10.1002/2013jc009357
  98. van Sebille Erik, Spence Paul, Mazloff Matthew R., England Matthew H., Rintoul Stephen R., Saenko Oleg A., Abyssal connections of Antarctic Bottom Water in a Southern Ocean State Estimate : AABW PATHWAYS IN SOSE, 10.1002/grl.50483
  99. Wang Qiang, Ilicak Mehmet, Gerdes Rüdiger, Drange Helge, Aksenov Yevgeny, Bailey David A, Bentsen Mats, Biastoch Arne, Bozec Alexandra, Böning Claus, Cassou Christophe, Chassignet Eric, Coward Andrew C., Curry Beth, Danabasoglu Gokhan, Danilov Sergey, Fernandez Elodie, Fogli Pier Giuseppe, Fujii Yosuke, Griffies Stephen M., Iovino Doroteaciro, Jahn Alexandra, Jung Thomas, Large William G., Lee Craig, Lique Camille, Lu Jianhua, Masina Simona, Nurser A.J. George, Rabe Benjamin, Roth Christina, Salas y Mélia David, Samuels Bonita L., Spence Paul, Tsujino Hiroyuki, Valcke Sophie, Voldoire Aurore, Wang Xuezhu, Yeager Steve G., An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II: Liquid freshwater, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009
  100. Wang Qiang, Ilicak Mehmet, Gerdes Rüdiger, Drange Helge, Aksenov Yevgeny, Bailey David A., Bentsen Mats, Biastoch Arne, Bozec Alexandra, Böning Claus, Cassou Christophe, Chassignet Eric, Coward Andrew C., Curry Beth, Danabasoglu Gokhan, Danilov Sergey, Fernandez Elodie, Fogli Pier Giuseppe, Fujii Yosuke, Griffies Stephen M., Iovino Doroteaciro, Jahn Alexandra, Jung Thomas, Large William G., Lee Craig, Lique Camille, Lu Jianhua, Masina Simona, Nurser A.J. George, Rabe Benjamin, Roth Christina, Salas y Mélia David, Samuels Bonita L., Spence Paul, Tsujino Hiroyuki, Valcke Sophie, Voldoire Aurore, Wang Xuezhu, Yeager Steve G., An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part I: Sea ice and solid freshwater, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.008
  101. Warren Stephen G., Rigor Ignatius G., Untersteiner Norbert, Radionov Vladimir F., Bryazgin Nikolay N., Aleksandrov Yevgeniy I., Colony Roger, Snow Depth on Arctic Sea Ice, 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1814:sdoasi>2.0.co;2
  102. Whitworth T., Peterson R. G., Volume Transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from Bottom Pressure Measurements, 10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015<0810:vtotac>2.0.co;2
  103. Woodgate RA, Aagaard K (2005) Revising the Bering Strait freshwater flux into the Arctic Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 32:L02602
  104. Woodgate Rebecca A., Weingartner Thomas J., Lindsay Ron, Observed increases in Bering Strait oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from 2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic Ocean water column : INCREASING BERING STRAIT OCEANIC FLUXES, 10.1029/2012gl054092
  105. Worby AP, Geiger CA, Paget MJ, Woert MLV, Ackley SF, DeLiberty TL (2008) Thickness distribution of Antarctic sea ice. J Geophys Res 113:C05S92
  106. Xie Jiping, Bertino Laurent, Counillon François, Lisæter Knut A., Sakov Pavel, Quality assessment of the TOPAZ4 reanalysis in the Arctic over the period 1991–2013, 10.5194/os-13-123-2017
  107. Zhang Jinlun, Modeling the Impact of Wind Intensification on Antarctic Sea Ice Volume, 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00139.1
  108. Zunz V., Goosse H., Massonnet F., How does internal variability influence the ability of CMIP5 models to reproduce the recent trend in Southern Ocean sea ice extent?, 10.5194/tc-7-451-2013
  109. Zuo Hao, Mugford Ruth I., Haines Keith, Smith Gregory C., Assimilation impacts on Arctic Ocean circulation, heat and freshwater budgets, 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.08.008
  110. Zuo Hao, Balmaseda Magdalena A., Mogensen Kristian, The new eddy-permitting ORAP5 ocean reanalysis: description, evaluation and uncertainties in climate signals, 10.1007/s00382-015-2675-1
  111. Zweng MM, Reagan JR, Antonov JI, Locarnini RA, Mishonov AV, Boyer TP, Garcia HE, Baranova OK, Johnson DR, Seidov D, Biddle MM (2013) World Ocean Atlas 2013, Volume 2: Salinity. S. Levitus, Ed., A. Mishonov Technical Ed. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 74:39
  112. Zygmuntowska M., Rampal P., Ivanova N., Smedsrud L. H., Uncertainties in Arctic sea ice thickness and volume: new estimates and implications for trends, 10.5194/tc-8-705-2014
Bibliographic reference Uotila, Petteri ; Goosse, Hugues ; Haines, Keith ; Chevallier, Matthieu ; Barthélemy, Antoine ; et. al. An assessment of ten ocean reanalyses in the polar regions. In: Climate Dynamics, Vol. 52, no. 4-5, p. 1613–1650 (2019)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/198468