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Pest categorisation of Citrus leprosis viruses

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Jeger, Michael [Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London] Bragard, Claude [UCL] Caffier, David [High Council for biotechnology] Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina [Coventry University, UK, Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience (CAWR)] Gilioli, Gianni [University of Brescia, Medical School, Department of Molecular and Transitional Medicine] Candresse, Thierry [Institut National de la Recerche Agronomique (INRA). Plant virus Team]

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the Citrus leprosis viruses for the EU territory and identified five distinct viruses, Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C), Citrus leprosis virus C2 (CiLV-C2), Hibiscus green spot virus 2 (HGSV-2), the Citrus strain of Orchid fleck virus (OFV) and Citrus leprosis virus N sensu novo (CiLV-N) as causing this severe disease, most significantly in sweet orange and mandarin. These viruses have in common that they do not cause systemic infections in their hosts and that they all are transmitted by Brevipalpus spp. mites (likely but not confirmed for HGSV-2). Mites represent the most important means of virus spread, while plants for planting of Citrus are only considered of minor significance. These well characterised viruses occur in South and Central America. Leprosis is currently regulated in directive 2000/29 EC and, together with its associated viruses, has never been recorded in the EU. All five viruses have the potential to enter into, establish in and spread within the EU territory, with plants for planting of non-regulated hosts, fruits of Citrus and hitch-hiking of viruliferous mites identified as the most significant pathways. Given the severity of the leprosis disease, the introduction and spread of the various viruses would have negative consequences on the EU citrus industry, the magnitude of which is difficult to evaluate given the uncertainties affecting the Brevipalpus spp. vectors (identity, distribution, density, transmission specificity and efficiency). Overall, leprosis and its five associated viruses meet all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as Union quarantine pests, but do not fulfil those of being present in the EU or of plants for planting being the main spread mechanism to qualify as Union regulated non-quarantine pests. The main uncertainties affecting this categorisation concern the Brevipalpus spp. mite vectors.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2017
Language Anglais
Journal information "EFSA Journal" - Vol. 15, no.12, p. 1-32 (2017)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma
issn 1831-4732
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology
Keywords Citrus leprosis virus ; Brevipalpus spp. ; Citrus leprosis virus C. ; Citrus leprosis virus C2 ; Hibiscus green spot virus 2 ; Orchid fleck virus ; Citrus leprosis virus N sensu novo
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Bibliographic reference Jeger, Michael ; Bragard, Claude ; Caffier, David ; Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina ; Gilioli, Gianni ; et. al. Pest categorisation of Citrus leprosis viruses. In: EFSA Journal, Vol. 15, no.12, p. 1-32 (2017)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/195801