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New Insights into Diabetes Cell Therapy

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Lysy, Philippe [UCL] Corritore, Elisa [UCL] Sokal, Etienne [UCL]

Since insulin discovery, islet transplantation was the first protocol to show the possibility to cure patients with type 1 diabetes using low-risk procedures. The scarcity of pancreas donors triggered a burst of studies focused on the production of new β cells in vitro. These were rapidly dominated by pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) demonstrating diabetes-reversal potential in diabetic mice. Subsequent enthusiasm fostered a clinical trial with immunoisolated embryonic-derived pancreatic progenitors. Yet safety is the Achilles' heel of PSCs, and a whole branch of β cell engineering medicine focuses on transdifferentiation of adult pancreatic cells. New data showed the possibility to chemically stimulate acinar or α cells to undergo β cell neogenesis and provide opportunities to intervene in situ without the need for a transplant, at least after weighing benefits against systemic adverse effects. The current studies suggested the pancreas as a reservoir of facultative progenitors (e.g., in the duct lining) could be exploited ex vivo for expansion and β cell differentiation in timely fashion and without the hurdles of PSC use. Diabetes cell therapy is thus a growing field not only with great potential but also with many pitfalls to overcome for becoming fully envisioned as a competitor to the current treatment standards.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2016
Language Anglais
Journal information "Current Diabetes Reports" - Vol. 16, no. 5, p. 38 [1-11] (2016)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Springer Healthcare ((United States) Philadelphia, PA)
issn 1534-4827
e-issn 1539-0829
Publication status Publié
Affiliations UCL - SSS/IREC/PEDI - Pôle de Pédiatrie
UCL - (SLuc) Service de gastro-entérologie et hépatologie pédiatrique
UCL - (SLuc) Service d'endocrinologie et diabétologie pédiatrique
Keywords Diabetes ; Islets of Langerhans ; Pancreas ; Progenitors ; Transdifferentiation
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Bibliographic reference Lysy, Philippe ; Corritore, Elisa ; Sokal, Etienne. New Insights into Diabetes Cell Therapy. In: Current Diabetes Reports, Vol. 16, no. 5, p. 38 [1-11] (2016)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/173246