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Dietary patterns differently associate with inflammation and gut microbiota in overweight and obese subjects

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Kong, Ling Chun Holmes, Bridget A. Cotillard, Aurelie Habi-Rachedi, Fatiha Brazeilles, Rémi Cani, Patrice D. [UCL] Clément, Karine

Background: Associations between dietary patterns, metabolic and inflammatory markers and gut microbiota are yet to be elucidated. Objectives: We aimed to characterize dietary patterns in overweight and obese subjects and evaluate the different dietary patterns in relation to metabolic and inflammatory variables as well as gut microbiota. Design: Dietary patterns, plasma and adipose tissue markers, and gut microbiota were evaluated in a group of 45 overweight and obese subjects (6 men and 39 women). A group of 14 lean subjects were also evaluated as a reference group. Results: Three clusters of dietary patterns were identified in overweight/obese subjects. Cluster 1 had the least healthy eating behavior (highest consumption of potatoes, confectionary and sugary drinks, and the lowest consumption of fruits that was associated also with low consumption of yogurt, and water). This dietary pattern was associated with the highest LDL cholesterol, plasma soluble CD14 (p = 0.01) a marker of systemic inflammation but the lowest accumulation of CD163+ macrophages with anti-inflammatory profile in adipose tissue (p = 0.05). Cluster 3 had the healthiest eating behavior (lower consumption of confectionary and sugary drinks, and highest consumption of fruits but also yogurts and soups). Subjects in this Cluster had the lowest inflammatory markers (sCD14) and the highest anti-inflammatory adipose tissue CD163+ macrophages. Dietary intakes, insulin sensitivity and some inflammatory markers (plasma IL6) in Cluster 3 were close to those of lean subjects. Cluster 2 was in-between clusters 1 and 3 in terms of healthfulness. The 7 gut microbiota groups measured by qPCR were similar across the clusters. However, the healthiest dietary cluster had the highest microbial gene richness, as evaluated by quantitative metagenomics. Conclusion: A healthier dietary pattern was associated with lower inflammatory markers as well as greater gut microbiota richness in overweight and obese subjects.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès libre
Publication date 2014
Language Anglais
Journal information "PLoS One" - Vol. 9, no. 10, p. e109434 [1-12] (2014)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Public Library of Science ((United States) San Francisco, CA)
issn 1932-6203
e-issn 1932-6203
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute
Links
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Bibliographic reference Kong, Ling Chun ; Holmes, Bridget A. ; Cotillard, Aurelie ; Habi-Rachedi, Fatiha ; Brazeilles, Rémi ; et. al. Dietary patterns differently associate with inflammation and gut microbiota in overweight and obese subjects. In: PLoS One, Vol. 9, no. 10, p. e109434 [1-12] (2014)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/160299