User menu

Accès à distance ? S'identifier sur le proxy UCLouvain

Gut microbiota controls adipose tissue expansion, gut barrier and glucose metabolism: novel insights into molecular targets and interventions using prebiotics

Primary tabs

download
  • Open access
  • PDF
  • 579.07 K
Geurts, Lucie [UCL] Neyrinck, Audrey M. [UCL] Delzenne, Nathalie M. [UCL] Knauf, Claude Cani, Patrice D. [UCL]

Crosstalk between organs is crucial for controlling numerous homeostatic systems (e.g. energy balance, glucose metabolism and immunity). Several pathological conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are characterised by a loss of or excessive inter-organ communication that contributes to the development of disease. Recently, we and others have identified several mechanisms linking the gut microbiota with the development of obesity and associated disorders (e.g. insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis). Among these, we described the concept of metabolic endotoxaemia (increase in plasma lipopolysaccharide levels) as one of the triggering factors leading to the development of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Growing evidence suggests that gut microbes contribute to the onset of low-grade inflammation characterising these metabolic disorders via mechanisms associated with gut barrier dysfunctions. We have demonstrated that enteroendocrine cells (producing glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-2) and the endocannabinoid system control gut permeability and metabolic endotoxaemia. Recently, we hypothesised that specific metabolic dysregulations occurring at the level of numerous organs (e.g. gut, adipose tissue, muscles, liver and brain) rely from gut microbiota modifications. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms linking gut permeability, adipose tissue metabolism, and glucose homeostasis, and recent findings that show interactions between the gut microbiota, the endocannabinoid system and the apelinergic system. These specific systems are discussed in the context of the gut-to-peripheral organ axis (intestine, adipose tissue 7and brain) and impacts on metabolic regulation. In the present review, we also briefly describe the impact of a variety of non-digestible nutrients (i.e. inulin-type fructans, arabinoxylans, chitin glucans and polyphenols). Their effects on the composition of the gut microbiota and activity are discussed in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès libre
Publication date 2014
Language Anglais
Journal information "Beneficial Microbes" - Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 3-17 (2014)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Wageningen Academic Publishers ((Netherlands) Wageningen)
issn 1876-2883
e-issn 1876-2891
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute
Links
  1. Alhamoruni A, Wright KL, Larvin M, O'Sullivan SE, Cannabinoids mediate opposing effects on inflammation-induced intestinal permeability : Cannabinoids and intestinal permeability, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01589.x
  2. Angelakis Emmanouil, Armougom Fabrice, Million Matthieu, Raoult Didier, The relationship between gut microbiota and weight gain in humans, 10.2217/fmb.11.142
  3. Backhed F., Ding H., Wang T., Hooper L. V., Koh G. Y., Nagy A., Semenkovich C. F., Gordon J. I., The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage, 10.1073/pnas.0407076101
  4. Bäckhed Fredrik, Manchester Jill K., Semenkovich Clay F., Gordon Jeffrey I., Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice, 10.1073/pnas.0605374104
  5. Basu Arpita, Penugonda Kavitha, Pomegranate juice: a heart-healthy fruit juice, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00133.x
  6. Bays H E, Evans J L, Maki K C, Evans M, Maquet V, Cooper R, Anderson J W, Chitin-glucan fiber effects on oxidized low-density lipoprotein: a randomized controlled trial, 10.1038/ejcn.2012.121
  7. Bensaid M., The Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonist SR141716 Increases Acrp30 mRNA Expression in Adipose Tissue of Obese fa/fa Rats and in Cultured Adipocyte Cells, 10.1124/mol.63.4.908
  8. Bialonska Dobroslawa, Ramnani Priya, Kasimsetty Sashi G., Muntha Kesava R., Gibson Glenn R., Ferreira Daneel, The influence of pomegranate by-product and punicalagins on selected groups of human intestinal microbiota, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.03.038
  9. Bird A., Conlon M., Christophersen C., Topping D., Resistant starch, large bowel fermentation and a broader perspective of prebiotics and probiotics, 10.3920/bm2010.0041
  10. Bluher M., Engeli S., Kloting N., Berndt J., Fasshauer M., Batkai S., Pacher P., Schon M. R., Jordan J., Stumvoll M., Dysregulation of the Peripheral and Adipose Tissue Endocannabinoid System in Human Abdominal Obesity, 10.2337/db06-0812
  11. R.J. Boesten, Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 42 (2008)
  12. Boesten Rolf J., Schuren Frank H.J., de Vos Willem M., A Bifidobacterium mixed-species microarray for high resolution discrimination between intestinal bifidobacteria, 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.12.006
  13. Broekaert Willem F., Courtin Christophe M., Verbeke Kristin, Van de Wiele Tom, Verstraete Willy, Delcour Jan A., Prebiotic and Other Health-Related Effects of Cereal-Derived Arabinoxylans, Arabinoxylan-Oligosaccharides, and Xylooligosaccharides, 10.1080/10408390903044768
  14. P. Brun, American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 292 (2007)
  15. Cani Patrice, Delzenne Nathalie, The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disease, 10.2174/138161209788168164
  16. Cani P. D., Amar J., Iglesias M. A., Poggi M., Knauf C., Bastelica D., Neyrinck A. M., Fava F., Tuohy K. M., Chabo C., Waget A., Delmee E., Cousin B., Sulpice T., Chamontin B., Ferrieres J., Tanti J.-F., Gibson G. R., Casteilla L., Delzenne N. M., Alessi M. C., Burcelin R., Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance, 10.2337/db06-1491
  17. Cani P. D., Bibiloni R., Knauf C., Waget A., Neyrinck A. M., Delzenne N. M., Burcelin R., Changes in Gut Microbiota Control Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Mice, 10.2337/db07-1403
  18. Cani P. D, Involvement of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide on glycaemia-lowering effect of oligofructose in streptozotocin-treated rats, 10.1677/joe.1.06100
  19. Cani P D, Joly E, Horsmans Y, Delzenne N M, Oligofructose promotes satiety in healthy human: a pilot study, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602350
  20. Cani P. D., Knauf C., Iglesias M. A., Drucker D. J., Delzenne N. M., Burcelin R., Improvement of Glucose Tolerance and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity by Oligofructose Requires a Functional Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor, 10.2337/db05-1360
  21. Cani P. D, Lecourt E., Dewulf E. M, Sohet F. M, Pachikian B. D, Naslain D., De Backer F., Neyrinck A. M, Delzenne N. M, Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal, 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28095
  22. Cani P. D., Neyrinck A. M., Fava F., Knauf C., Burcelin R. G., Tuohy K. M., Gibson G. R., Delzenne N. M., Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia, 10.1007/s00125-007-0791-0
  23. Cani Patrice D., Neyrinck Audrey M., Maton Nicole, Delzenne Nathalie M., Oligofructose Promotes Satiety in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet: Involvement of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, 10.1038/oby.2005.117
  24. Cani Patrice D., Osto Melania, Geurts Lucie, Everard Amandine, Involvement of gut microbiota in the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity, 10.4161/gmic.19625
  25. Cani P. D., Possemiers S., Van de Wiele T., Guiot Y., Everard A., Rottier O., Geurts L., Naslain D., Neyrinck A., Lambert D. M., Muccioli G. G., Delzenne N. M., Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability, 10.1136/gut.2008.165886
  26. Castan-Laurell Isabelle, Dray Cédric, Attané Camille, Duparc Thibaut, Knauf Claude, Valet Philippe, Apelin, diabetes, and obesity, 10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9
  27. Castan-laurell Isabelle, Dray Cédric, Knauf Claude, Kunduzova Oxana, Valet Philippe, Apelin, a promising target for type 2 diabetes treatment?, 10.1016/j.tem.2012.02.005
  28. Clarke Siobhan F., Murphy Eileen F., Nilaweera Kanishka, Ross Paul R., Shanahan Fergus, O’Toole Paul W., Cotter Paul D., The gut microbiota and its relationship to diet and obesity : New insights, 10.4161/gmic.20168
  29. Cloetens Lieselotte, Broekaert Willem F., Delaedt Yasmine, Ollevier Frans, Courtin Christophe M., Delcour Jan A., Rutgeerts Paul, Verbeke Kristin, Tolerance of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides and their prebiotic activity in healthy subjects: a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study, 10.1017/s0007114509992248
  30. Cluny Nina L., Reimer Raylene A., Sharkey Keith A., Cannabinoid signalling regulates inflammation and energy balance: The importance of the brain–gut axis, 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.01.004
  31. M.C. Collado, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88, 894 (2008)
  32. Cota Daniela, Marsicano Giovanni, Tschöp Matthias, Grübler Yvonne, Flachskamm Cornelia, Schubert Mirjam, Auer Dorothee, Yassouridis Alexander, Thöne-Reineke Christa, Ortmann Sylvia, Tomassoni Federica, Cervino Cristina, Nisoli Enzo, Linthorst Astrid C.E., Pasquali Renato, Lutz Beat, Stalla Günter K., Pagotto Uberto, The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis, 10.1172/jci17725
  33. T.M. Dao, PLoS ONE, 6 (2011)
  34. Daviaud D., TNF  up-regulates apelin expression in human and mouse adipose tissue, 10.1096/fj.05-5243fje
  35. Davis Lauren M. G., Martínez Inés, Walter Jens, Goin Caitlin, Hutkins Robert W., Barcoded Pyrosequencing Reveals That Consumption of Galactooligosaccharides Results in a Highly Specific Bifidogenic Response in Humans, 10.1371/journal.pone.0025200
  36. Delzenne Nathalie M, Cani Patrice D, A place for dietary fibre in the management of the metabolic syndrome : , 10.1097/01.mco.0000171124.06408.71
  37. Delzenne Nathalie M., Neyrinck Audrey M., Bäckhed Fredrik, Cani Patrice D., Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics, 10.1038/nrendo.2011.126
  38. Dewulf Evelyne M, Cani Patrice D, Claus Sandrine P, Fuentes Susana, Puylaert Philippe GB, Neyrinck Audrey M, Bindels Laure B, de Vos Willem M, Gibson Glenn R, Thissen Jean-Paul, Delzenne Nathalie M, Insight into the prebiotic concept: lessons from an exploratory, double blind intervention study with inulin-type fructans in obese women, 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303304
  39. Dewulf Evelyne M., Cani Patrice D., Neyrinck Audrey M., Possemiers Sam, Holle Ann Van, Muccioli Giulio G., Deldicque Louise, Bindels Laure B., Pachikian Barbara D., Sohet Florence M., Mignolet Eric, Francaux Marc, Larondelle Yvan, Delzenne Nathalie M., Inulin-type fructans with prebiotic properties counteract GPR43 overexpression and PPARγ-related adipogenesis in the white adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice, 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.05.009
  40. Ding Shengli, Chi Michael M., Scull Brooks P., Rigby Rachael, Schwerbrock Nicole M. J., Magness Scott, Jobin Christian, Lund Pauline K., High-Fat Diet: Bacteria Interactions Promote Intestinal Inflammation Which Precedes and Correlates with Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mouse, 10.1371/journal.pone.0012191
  41. Dray C., Debard C., Jager J., Disse E., Daviaud D., Martin P., Attane C., Wanecq E., Guigne C., Bost F., Tanti J. F., Laville M., Vidal H., Valet P., Castan-Laurell I., Apelin and APJ regulation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice and humans, 10.1152/ajpendo.00598.2009
  42. Dray Cédric, Knauf Claude, Daviaud Danièle, Waget Aurélie, Boucher Jérémie, Buléon Marie, Cani Patrice D., Attané Camille, Guigné Charlotte, Carpéné Christian, Burcelin Rémy, Castan-Laurell Isabelle, Valet Philippe, Apelin Stimulates Glucose Utilization in Normal and Obese Insulin-Resistant Mice, 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.10.003
  43. P.E. Dube, American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 293 (2007)
  44. Duparc Thibaut, Colom André, Cani Patrice D., Massaly Nicolas, Rastrelli Sophie, Drougard Anne, Le Gonidec Sophie, Moulédous Lionel, Frances Bernard, Leclercq Isabelle, Llorens-Cortes Catherine, Pospisilik J. Andrew, Delzenne Nathalie M., Valet Philippe, Castan-Laurell Isabelle, Knauf Claude, Central Apelin Controls Glucose Homeostasisviaa Nitric Oxide-Dependent Pathway in Mice, 10.1089/ars.2010.3454
  45. Duparc Thibaut, Naslain Damien, Colom André, Muccioli Giulio G., Massaly Nicolas, Delzenne Nathalie M., Valet Philippe, Cani Patrice D., Knauf Claude, Jejunum Inflammation in Obese and Diabetic Mice Impairs Enteric Glucose Detection and Modifies Nitric Oxide Release in the Hypothalamus, 10.1089/ars.2010.3330
  46. Eckel Robert H, Grundy Scott M, Zimmet Paul Z, The metabolic syndrome, 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66378-7
  47. Engeli Stefan, Central and Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Control of Food Intake and Body Weight, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (2012) ISBN:9783642247156 p.357-381, 10.1007/978-3-642-24716-3_17
  48. Engeli S., Bohnke J., Feldpausch M., Gorzelniak K., Janke J., Batkai S., Pacher P., Harvey-White J., Luft F. C., Sharma A. M., Jordan J., Activation of the Peripheral Endocannabinoid System in Human Obesity, 10.2337/diabetes.54.10.2838
  49. Erdem G., Dogru T., Tasci I., Sonmez A., Tapan S., Low Plasma Apelin Levels in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 10.1055/s-2007-1004564
  50. Everard A., Lazarevic V., Derrien M., Girard M., Muccioli G. G., Neyrinck A. M., Possemiers S., Van Holle A., Francois P., de Vos W. M., Delzenne N. M., Schrenzel J., Cani P. D., Responses of Gut Microbiota and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism to Prebiotics in Genetic Obese and Diet-Induced Leptin-Resistant Mice, 10.2337/db11-0227
  51. H.J. Flint, Nutrition Reviews, 70 (2012)
  52. Galic Sandra, Oakhill Jon S., Steinberg Gregory R., Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, 10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.018
  53. Gary-Bobo Magali, Elachouri Ghizlane, Gallas Jean François, Janiak Philip, Marini Pietro, Ravinet-Trillou Christine, Chabbert Michèle, Cruccioli Noël, Pfersdorff Christian, Roque Claude, Arnone Michèle, Croci Tiziano, Soubrié Philippe, Oury-Donat Florence, Maffrand Jean Pierre, Scatton Bernard, Lacheretz Frederic, Le Fur Gérard, Herbert Jean Marc, Bensaid Mohammed, Rimonabant reduces obesity-associated hepatic steatosis and features of metabolic syndrome in obese Zucker fa/fa rats, 10.1002/hep.21641
  54. Ge Q, Maury E, Rycken L, Gérard J, Noël L, Detry R, Navez B, Brichard S M, Endocannabinoids regulate adipokine production and the immune balance of omental adipose tissue in human obesity, 10.1038/ijo.2012.123
  55. Geurts Lucie, Lazarevic Vladimir, Derrien Muriel, Everard Amandine, Van Roye Marie, Knauf Claude, Valet Philippe, Girard Myriam, Muccioli Giulio G., François Patrice, de Vos Willem M., Schrenzel Jacques, Delzenne Nathalie M., Cani Patrice D., Altered Gut Microbiota and Endocannabinoid System Tone in Obese and Diabetic Leptin-Resistant Mice: Impact on Apelin Regulation in Adipose Tissue, 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00149
  56. Grootaert Charlotte, Van den Abbeele Pieter, Marzorati Massimo, Broekaert Willem F., Courtin Christophe M., Delcour Jan A., Verstraete Willy, Van de Wiele Tom, Comparison of prebiotic effects of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and inulin in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem : Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides compared with inulin in vitro, 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00712.x
  57. Gustafson B., Gogg S., Hedjazifar S., Jenndahl L., Hammarstedt A., Smith U., Inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity in man, 10.1152/ajpendo.00377.2009
  58. S. Han, American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 295 (2008)
  59. Hansen C. H. F., Krych L., Nielsen D. S., Vogensen F. K., Hansen L. H., Sørensen S. J., Buschard K., Hansen A. K., Early life treatment with vancomycin propagates Akkermansia muciniphila and reduces diabetes incidence in the NOD mouse, 10.1007/s00125-012-2564-7
  60. Hoareau Laurence, Buyse Marion, Festy Franck, Ravanan Palaniyandi, Gonthier Marie-Paule, Matias Isabel, Petrosino Stefania, Tallet Frank, D'Hellencourt Christian Lefebvre, Cesari Maya, Di Marzo Vincenzo, Roche Régis, Anti-inflammatory Effect of Palmitoylethanolamide on Human Adipocytes, 10.1038/oby.2008.591
  61. G.S. Hotamisligil, International Journal Obesity, 32 (2008)
  62. Johanningsmeier Suzanne D., Harris G. Keith, Pomegranate as a Functional Food and Nutraceutical Source, 10.1146/annurev-food-030810-153709
  63. M. Kalliomaki, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87, 534 (2008)
  64. Karlsson Caroline L.J., Önnerfält Jenny, Xu Jie, Molin Göran, Ahrné Siv, Thorngren-Jerneck Kristina, The Microbiota of the Gut in Preschool Children With Normal and Excessive Body Weight, 10.1038/oby.2012.110
  65. Lambert Didier M, Muccioli Giulio G, Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines in the control of appetite and energy metabolism: emergence of new molecular players : , 10.1097/mco.0b013e3282f00061
  66. Ley Ruth E, Obesity and the human microbiome : , 10.1097/mog.0b013e328333d751
  67. Liu Jie, Bátkai Sándor, Pacher Pál, Harvey-White Judith, Wagner Jens A., Cravatt Benjamin F., Gao Bin, Kunos George, Lipopolysaccharide Induces Anandamide Synthesis in Macrophages via CD14/MAPK/Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/NF-κB Independently of Platelet-activating Factor, 10.1074/jbc.m306062200
  68. Lv Shuang-Yu, Yang Yan-Jie, Qin Yao-Jun, Mo Jia-Run, Wang Ning-Bo, Wang Yi-Jing, Chen Qiang, Central apelin-13 inhibits food intake via the CRF receptor in mice, 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.11.011
  69. Maccarrone Mauro, De Petrocellis Luciano, Bari Monica, Fezza Filomena, Salvati Simona, Di Marzo Vincenzo, Finazzi-Agrò Alessandro, Lipopolysaccharide Downregulates Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Expression and Increases Anandamide Levels in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes, 10.1006/abbi.2001.2500
  70. G.T. Macfarlane, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 104, 305 (2008)
  71. Maenhaut Nele, Van de Voorde Johan, Regulation of vascular tone by adipocytes, 10.1186/1741-7015-9-25
  72. Maki Kevin C., Gibson Glenn R., Dickmann Robin S., Kendall Cyril W.C., Chen C.-Y. Oliver, Costabile Adele, Comelli Elena M., McKay Diane L., Almeida Nelson G., Jenkins David, Zello Gordon A., Blumberg Jeffrey B., Digestive and physiologic effects of a wheat bran extract, arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide, in breakfast cereal, 10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.010
  73. Matias Isabel, Di Marzo Vincenzo, Endocannabinoids and the control of energy balance, 10.1016/j.tem.2006.11.006
  74. Melgar-Lesmes P., Pauta M., Reichenbach V., Casals G., Ros J., Bataller R., Morales-Ruiz M., Jimenez W., Hypoxia and proinflammatory factors upregulate apelin receptor expression in human stellate cells and hepatocytes, 10.1136/gut.2010.234690
  75. Mestdagh Renaud, Dumas Marc-Emmanuel, Rezzi Serge, Kochhar Sunil, Holmes Elaine, Claus Sandrine P., Nicholson Jeremy K., Gut Microbiota Modulate the Metabolism of Brown Adipose Tissue in Mice, 10.1021/pr200938v
  76. W.E. Moore, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61, 3202 (1995)
  77. Muccioli Giulio G., Endocannabinoid biosynthesis and inactivation, from simple to complex, 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.03.007
  78. Muccioli Giulio G, Naslain Damien, Bäckhed Fredrik, Reigstad Christopher S, Lambert Didier M, Delzenne Nathalie M, Cani Patrice D, The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis, 10.1038/msb.2010.46
  79. Musso Giovanni, Gambino Roberto, Cassader Maurizio, Gut microbiota as a regulator of energy homeostasis and ectopic fat deposition: mechanisms and implications for metabolic disorders : , 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283347ebb
  80. Neyrinck Audrey M, Delzenne Nathalie M, Potential interest of gut microbial changes induced by non-digestible carbohydrates of wheat in the management of obesity and related disorders : , 10.1097/mco.0b013e32833ec3fb
  81. Neyrinck Audrey M., Possemiers Sam, Druart Céline, Van de Wiele Tom, De Backer Fabienne, Cani Patrice D., Larondelle Yvan, Delzenne Nathalie M., Prebiotic Effects of Wheat Arabinoxylan Related to the Increase in Bifidobacteria, Roseburia and Bacteroides/Prevotella in Diet-Induced Obese Mice, 10.1371/journal.pone.0020944
  82. Neyrinck Audrey M., Possemiers Sam, Verstraete Willy, De Backer Fabienne, Cani Patrice D., Delzenne Nathalie M., Dietary modulation of clostridial cluster XIVa gut bacteria (Roseburia spp.) by chitin–glucan fiber improves host metabolic alterations induced by high-fat diet in mice, 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.10.008
  83. Neyrinck Audrey M., Van Hée Vincent F., Bindels Laure B., De Backer Fabienne, Cani Patrice D., Delzenne Nathalie M., Polyphenol-rich extract of pomegranate peel alleviates tissue inflammation and hypercholesterolaemia in high-fat diet-induced obese mice: potential implication of the gut microbiota, 10.1017/s0007114512002206
  84. Neyrinck A M, Van Hée V F, Piront N, De Backer F, Toussaint O, Cani P D, Delzenne N M, Wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides with prebiotic effect increase satietogenic gut peptides and reduce metabolic endotoxemia in diet-induced obese mice, 10.1038/nutd.2011.24
  85. Ogden Cynthia L., Yanovski Susan Z., Carroll Margaret D., Flegal Katherine M., The Epidemiology of Obesity, 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.052
  86. Pagotto Uberto, Marsicano Giovanni, Cota Daniela, Lutz Beat, Pasquali Renato, The Emerging Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Endocrine Regulation and Energy Balance, 10.1210/er.2005-0009
  87. Parkar Shanthi G., Stevenson David E., Skinner Margot A., The potential influence of fruit polyphenols on colonic microflora and human gut health, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.03.017
  88. Parnell Jill A., Reimer Raylene A., Prebiotic fibres dose-dependently increase satiety hormones and alter Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in lean and obese JCR:LA-cp rats, 10.1017/s0007114511003163
  89. Pertwee R., Receptors and Channels Targeted by Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists and Antagonists, 10.2174/092986710790980050
  90. Poulain-Godefroy O., Lecoeur C., Pattou F., Fruhbeck G., Froguel P., Inflammation is associated with a decrease of lipogenic factors in omental fat in women, 10.1152/ajpregu.00926.2007
  91. Rabot S., Membrez M., Bruneau A., Gerard P., Harach T., Moser M., Raymond F., Mansourian R., Chou C. J., Germ-free C57BL/6J mice are resistant to high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance and have altered cholesterol metabolism, 10.1096/fj.10-164921
  92. Ravinet Trillou C, Delgorge C, Menet C, Arnone M, Soubrié P, CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout in mice leads to leanness, resistance to diet-induced obesity and enhanced leptin sensitivity, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802583
  93. Reaux A, Gallatz K, Palkovits M, Llorens-Cortes C, Distribution of apelin-synthesizing neurons in the adult rat brain, 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00192-6
  94. Reaux-Le Goazigo A., Bodineau L., De Mota N., Jeandel L., Chartrel N., Knauf C., Raad C., Valet P., Llorens-Cortes C., Apelin and the proopiomelanocortin system: a new regulatory pathway of hypothalamic  -MSH release, 10.1152/ajpendo.00090.2011
  95. M. Roberfroid, Journal of Nutrion, 137 (2007)
  96. Roberfroid Marcel, Gibson Glenn R., Hoyles Lesley, McCartney Anne L., Rastall Robert, Rowland Ian, Wolvers Danielle, Watzl Bernhard, Szajewska Hania, Stahl Bernd, Guarner Francisco, Respondek Frederique, Whelan Kevin, Coxam Veronique, Davicco Marie-Jeanne, Léotoing Laurent, Wittrant Yohann, Delzenne Nathalie M., Cani Patrice D., Neyrinck Audrey M., Meheust Agnes, Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits, 10.1017/s0007114510003363
  97. Robertson M. Denise, Dietary-resistant starch and glucose metabolism : , 10.1097/mco.0b013e3283536931
  98. Rousseaux Christel, Thuru Xavier, Gelot Agathe, Barnich Nicolas, Neut Christel, Dubuquoy Laurent, Dubuquoy Caroline, Merour Emilie, Geboes Karen, Chamaillard Mathias, Ouwehand Arthur, Leyer Greg, Carcano Didier, Colombel Jean-Frédéric, Ardid Denis, Desreumaux Pierre, Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors, 10.1038/nm1521
  99. Ryberg E, Larsson N, Sjögren S, Hjorth S, Hermansson N-O, Leonova J, Elebring T, Nilsson K, Drmota T, Greasley P J, The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor : GPR55, a novel cannabinoid receptor, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707460
  100. Samuel B. S., Shaito A., Motoike T., Rey F. E., Backhed F., Manchester J. K., Hammer R. E., Williams S. C., Crowley J., Yanagisawa M., Gordon J. I., Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41, 10.1073/pnas.0808567105
  101. Santacruz A., Collado M. C., García-Valdés L., Segura M. T., Martín-Lagos J. A., Anjos T., Martí-Romero M., Lopez R. M., Florido J., Campoy C., Sanz Y., Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women, 10.1017/s0007114510000176
  102. Selma María V., Espín Juan C., Tomás-Barberán Francisco A., Interaction between Phenolics and Gut Microbiota: Role in Human Health, 10.1021/jf902107d
  103. Serino Matteo, Luche Elodie, Gres Sandra, Baylac Audrey, Bergé Mathieu, Cenac Claire, Waget Aurelie, Klopp Pascale, Iacovoni Jason, Klopp Christophe, Mariette Jerome, Bouchez Olivier, Lluch Jerome, Ouarné Francoise, Monsan Pierre, Valet Philippe, Roques Christine, Amar Jacques, Bouloumié Anne, Théodorou Vassilia, Burcelin Remy, Metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet is associated with a change in the gut microbiota, 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301012
  104. Shen Jian, Obin Martin S., Zhao Liping, The gut microbiota, obesity and insulin resistance, 10.1016/j.mam.2012.11.001
  105. Shen Li, Keenan Michael J., Martin Roy J., Tulley Richard T., Raggio Anne M., McCutcheon Kathleen L., Zhou Jun, Dietary Resistant Starch Increases Hypothalamic POMC Expression in Rats, 10.1038/oby.2008.483
  106. Shoelson Steven E, Goldfine Allison B, Getting away from glucose: fanning the flames of obesity-induced inflammation, 10.1038/nm0409-373
  107. Slavin Joanne L., Dietary fiber and body weight, 10.1016/j.nut.2004.08.018
  108. Slavin JL, Savarino V, Paredes-Diaz A, Fotopoulos G, A Review of the Role of Soluble Fiber in Health with Specific Reference to Wheat Dextrin, 10.1177/147323000903700101
  109. Soriguer Federico, Garrido-Sanchez Lourdes, Garcia-Serrano Sara, Garcia-Almeida Jose M., Garcia-Arnes Juan, Tinahones Francisco J., Garcia-Fuentes Eduardo, Apelin Levels Are Increased in Morbidly Obese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 10.1007/s11695-009-9955-y
  110. Sorli S. Caroline, van den Berghe Loïc, Masri Bernard, Knibiehler Bernard, Audigier Yves, Therapeutic potential of interfering with apelin signalling, 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.10.011
  111. Tam Joseph, Vemuri V. Kiran, Liu Jie, Bátkai Sándor, Mukhopadhyay Bani, Godlewski Grzegorz, Osei-Hyiaman Douglas, Ohnuma Shinobu, Ambudkar Suresh V., Pickel James, Makriyannis Alexandros, Kunos George, Peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade improves cardiometabolic risk in mouse models of obesity, 10.1172/jci42551
  112. Tilg Herbert, Kaser Arthur, Gut microbiome, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction, 10.1172/jci58109
  113. Tremaroli Valentina, Bäckhed Fredrik, Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism, 10.1038/nature11552
  114. Turnbaugh Peter J., Ley Ruth E., Mahowald Michael A., Magrini Vincent, Mardis Elaine R., Gordon Jeffrey I., An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest, 10.1038/nature05414
  115. Turroni F., Foroni E., Pizzetti P., Giubellini V., Ribbera A., Merusi P., Cagnasso P., Bizzarri B., de'Angelis G. L., Shanahan F., van Sinderen D., Ventura M., Exploring the Diversity of the Bifidobacterial Population in the Human Intestinal Tract, 10.1128/aem.02216-08
  116. Tzounis Xenofon, Vulevic Jelena, Kuhnle Gunter G. C., George Trevor, Leonczak Jadwiga, Gibson Glenn R., Kwik-Uribe Catherine, Spencer Jeremy P. E., Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora, 10.1017/s0007114507853384
  117. Van Gaal Luc F, Rissanen Aila M, Scheen André J, Ziegler Olivier, Rössner Stephan, Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study, 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66374-x
  118. Vincent Mylène, Philippe Erwann, Everard Amandine, Kassis Nadim, Rouch Claude, Denom Jessica, Takeda Yorihiko, Uchiyama Shoji, Delzenne Nathalie M., Cani Patrice D., Migrenne Stéphanie, Magnan Christophe, Dietary supplementation withAgaricus blazeimurill extract prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats : Dietary Supplementation with ABM Extract, 10.1002/oby.20276
  119. Walton Gemma E., van den Heuvel Ellen G. H. M., Kosters Marit H. W., Rastall Robert A., Tuohy Kieran M., Gibson Glenn R., A randomised crossover study investigating the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on the faecal microbiota in men and women over 50 years of age, 10.1017/s0007114511004697
  120. Wu Xiaokang, Ma Chaofeng, Han Lei, Nawaz Muhammad, Gao Fei, Zhang Xuyan, Yu Pengbo, Zhao Chang’an, Li Lianchuan, Zhou Aiping, Wang Juan, Moore John E., Cherie Millar B., Xu Jiru, Molecular Characterisation of the Faecal Microbiota in Patients with Type II Diabetes, 10.1007/s00284-010-9582-9
  121. P. Yue, American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 298 (2010)
  122. Zhou J., Martin R. J., Tulley R. T., Raggio A. M., McCutcheon K. L., Shen L., Danna S. C., Tripathy S., Hegsted M., Keenan M. J., Dietary resistant starch upregulates total GLP-1 and PYY in a sustained day-long manner through fermentation in rodents, 10.1152/ajpendo.90637.2008
Bibliographic reference Geurts, Lucie ; Neyrinck, Audrey M. ; Delzenne, Nathalie M. ; Knauf, Claude ; Cani, Patrice D.. Gut microbiota controls adipose tissue expansion, gut barrier and glucose metabolism: novel insights into molecular targets and interventions using prebiotics. In: Beneficial Microbes, Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 3-17 (2014)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/134625