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Preparation of heterogeneous catalysts

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Delmon, Bernard [UCL]

The preparation of heterogeneous catalysts has been for many years a dynamic field of sub-nanotechnology and remains so nowadays. The approach to preparation must be examined in function of the specific demands concerning (i) activity and (ii) selectivity, that both depend on the arrangement of atoms at a scale smaller than 0.02 nm. Adequate access of reactants to the surface must be provided. Most catalysts are used in the form of pellets or cylinders obtained by pressing, extrusion or other techniques. This implies a control of texture at dimension scales extending from a fraction of a nanometer to several millimetres (and sometimes more). A third demand (iii) is resistance to ageing. In particular, stability at relatively high temperatures is necessary. The strategy adopted in the majority of cases is to start from a material that is homogeneous in composition at the Angstrom scale, generally a liquid or a solid of complex composition, frequently amorphous. A general objective is to locate the different constituting atoms at precise positions. The main difficulty is to transform the starting precursor into a highly porous solid without segregation of different elements that would produce tiny parts with different properties. The specific approach to catalyst preparation is based on the general concepts used for controlling the reactivity of solids. Typical methods of general use will be examined. Chemical bonds of practically any kind can retain the elements constituting the future catalyst at the position they have in the precursor. The so-called 'citrate process' and its variants are of wide application. More elaborate approaches start from molecules or polymers associating the necessary elements.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Synthèse de littérature
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2007
Language Anglais
Journal information "Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry : an international forum for thermal studies" - Vol. 90, no. 1, p. 49-65 (2007)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Springer (Dordrecht)
issn 1388-6150
e-issn 1572-8943
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - AGRO/CABI - Département de chimie appliquée et des bio-industries
Keywords catalyst preparation ; citrate method ; diffusion in solids ; mixed oxide catalysts ; multi-component precursors ; prevention of nucleation ; reactivity of solids ; segregation in solids
Links
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Bibliographic reference Delmon, Bernard. Preparation of heterogeneous catalysts. In: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry : an international forum for thermal studies, Vol. 90, no. 1, p. 49-65 (2007)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/37330