International consensus statement on nomenclature and classification of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy, for clinical, surgical, interventional and research purposes.

Michelena, Hector I Della Corte, Alessandro Evangelista, Arturo Maleszewski, Joseph J Edwards, William D Roman, Mary J Devereux, Richard B Fernández, Borja Asch, Federico M Barker, Alex J Sierra-Galan, Lilia M de Kerchove, Laurent [UCL] Fernandes, Susan M Fedak, Paul W M Girdauskas, Evaldas Delgado, Victoria Abbara, Suhny Lansac, Emmanuel Prakash, Siddharth K Bissell, Malenka M Popescu, Bogdan A Hope, Michael D Sitges, Marta Thourani, Vinod H Pibarot, Phillippe Chandrasekaran, Krishnaswamy Lancellotti, Patrizio Borger, Michael A Forrest, John K Webb, John Milewicz, Dianna M Makkar, Raj Leon, Martin B Sanders, Stephen P Markl, Michael Ferrari, Victor A Roberts, William C Song, Jae-Kwan Blanke, Philipp White, Charles S Siu, Samuel Svensson, Lars G Braverman, Alan C Bavaria, Joseph Sundt, Thoralf M El Khoury, Gebrine [UCL] De Paulis, Ruggero Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice Bax, Jeroen J Otto, Catherine M Schäfers, Hans-Joachim Endorsed by the Heart Valve Society (HVS), European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI et al.[show all]

This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.