Réparation et réconciliation au Rwanda : portée et limites de la justice transitionnelle

(eng) This thesis examines the role of transitional mechanisms in the process of reconciliation in Rwanda. These mechanisms are the fund of assistance of survivors (FARG), the memory of the genocide of Tutsi, the Gacaca popular jurisdictions and the national unity and reconciliation commission. The results show that all these instruments have the potential to improve the reconciliation process. However, it appeared also that some of them, especially the Gacaca courts and the memory of the genocide have also some negative effetcs on the process. In addition, the study shows that the rôle of FARG in stabilizing social relations is very limited. On the contrary, the fund creates jalousy among those populations who do not benefit from its services. The thesis highlights the fact that the trust between Hutu and Tutsi is neither possible, nor necessary. Rwandans progressively accept each other without neccessarily trusting one another. Reconciliation in Rwanda must focus not on relations or emotions but on interests of all groups. This is the reason why the common projects betwenn Hutu and Tutsi may be of greater importance.