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Imbalance between cognitive systems in alcohol-dependence and Korsakoff syndrome: An exploration using the Alcohol Flanker Task

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Brion, Mélanie [UCL] Dormal, Valérie [UCL] Lannoy, Séverine [UCL] Mertens, Serge [Saint-Martin Hospital, Dave, Belgium] de Timary, Philippe [UCL] Maurage, Pierre [UCL]

BACKGROUND: Alcohol-dependent individuals (ALC) simultaneously present decreased inhibitory control and increased attention towards alcohol-related cues. The dual-process models have proposed that these symptoms reflect an imbalance between prefrontal/reflective and limbic/automatic systems, respectively leading to cognitive dysfunctions in executive processes and to alcohol-related bias. However, most previous research has focused on a separate exploration of these systems among ALC, and the direct measure of their interactions remains to be conducted. Moreover, no study has explored the evolution of this imbalance across the successive stages of alcohol-related disorders, and particularly in Korsakoff syndrome (KS), the most frequent neurological complication of alcohol-dependence. METHOD: Ten KS, 14 ALC, and 14 matched control participants performed a modified Flanker task, the "Alcohol Flanker Task," based on congruent, incongruent, and neutral conditions with alcohol-related stimuli. This task required inhibitory processing on alcohol-related stimuli and evaluated, through a behavioral approach, the interaction between reflective and automatic systems, as well as its evolution between ALC and KS. RESULTS: ALC and KS both presented high reactivity towards alcohol-related stimuli, confirming the presence of alcohol-related bias. KS showed increased omission rates (related to distractor interference) while ALC showed higher false-alarm rates (related to prepotent response inhibition). These results suggest that different inhibitory subcomponents might be altered at the successive stages of the pathology, and experimentally confirms the crucial role of the interaction between reflective and automatic processes in alcohol-use disorders. CONCLUSION: The present results reinforce the proposal that alcohol-related cues significantly impact inhibitory control in alcohol-related disorders. However, ALC and KS present different patterns of deficits depending on task complexity (i.e., executive load), thus suggesting a dissociation in inhibitory functions when processing alcohol-related cues.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès libre
Publication date 2018
Language Anglais
Journal information "Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology" - Vol. 40, no. 8, p. 820-831 (2018)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Routledge ((United Kingdom) London)
issn 1380-3395
e-issn 1744-411X
Publication status Publié
Affiliations UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute
UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience
UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience
UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience
UCL - (SLuc) Service de neurologie
Keywords Alcohol-related disorders ; Attentional bias ; Dual-process model ; Inhibition
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Bibliographic reference Brion, Mélanie ; Dormal, Valérie ; Lannoy, Séverine ; Mertens, Serge ; de Timary, Philippe ; et. al. Imbalance between cognitive systems in alcohol-dependence and Korsakoff syndrome: An exploration using the Alcohol Flanker Task. In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Vol. 40, no. 8, p. 820-831 (2018)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/201216