The CMS Collaboration presents the first measurement of the differential cross section of jets from charm quarks produced in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, as well as results from charm quark jets in proton-proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 2.76 and 5.02 TeV. By comparing the yields of the pPb and pp collision systems at the same energy, a nuclear modification factor for charm jets in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV of $R_{pA}$ = 0.92 +/- 0.07 (stat) +/- 0.11 (syst) is obtained. This is consistent with an absence of final-state energy loss for charm quarks in pPb collisions. In addition, the fraction of jets coming from charm quarks is found to be consistent with that predicted by PYTHIA 6 for pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 2.76 and 5.02 TeV, and is independent of the jet transverse momentum from 55 to 400 GeV.