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Talking microbes: When gut bacteria interact with diet and host organs.

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Cani, Patrice D. [UCL] Everard, Amandine [UCL]

Obesity and diabetes have reached epidemic proportions. Evidence suggests that besides dietary habits and physical activity, other environmental factors, such as gut microbes, are recognized as additional partners implicated in the control of energy homeostasis. Studies on the human gut microbiota have shown that the general population can be stratified on the sole basis of three dominant bacteria (i.e., the concept of enterotypes), while some others have suggested categorizing the population according to their microbiome gene richness. Both aspects have been strengthened by recent studies investigating the impact of nutrients (e.g., dietary fibers, fat feeding) and dietary habits (i.e., vegans versus omnivores) of different populations. Using preclinical models, quite a few novel mechanisms have been proposed in these gut microbiota-host interactions, including the role of novel bacteria, the regulation of antimicrobial peptide production, the maintenance of the gut barrier function and intestinal innate immunity. In this review, we discuss several of the aforementioned aspects. Nonetheless, determining the overall mechanisms by which microbes dialogue with host cells will require further investigations before anticipating the development of next-generation nutritional interventions using prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, or even specific nutrients for promoting health benefits.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Synthèse de littérature
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2016
Language Anglais
Journal information "Molecular Nutrition & Food Research" - Vol. 60, no. 1, p. 58-66 (2016)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Wiley - VCH ((Germany) Weinheim)
issn 1613-4125
e-issn 1613-4133
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute
Keywords Diabetes ; Energy metabolism ; Gut microbiota ; Innate immunity ; Obesity
Links
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Bibliographic reference Cani, Patrice D. ; Everard, Amandine. Talking microbes: When gut bacteria interact with diet and host organs.. In: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Vol. 60, no. 1, p. 58-66 (2016)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/170441