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Renaissance of antibiotics against difficult infections: Focus on oritavancin and new ketolides and quinolones.

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Van Bambeke, Françoise [UCL]

Lipoglycopeptide, ketolide, and quinolone antibiotics are currently in clinical development, with specific advantages over available molecules within their respective classes. The lipoglycopeptide oritavancin is bactericidal against MRSA, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and proved effective and safe for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI) upon administration of a single 1200 mg dose (two completed phase III trials). The ketolide solithromycin (two phase III studies recruiting for community-acquired pneumonia) shows a profile of activity similar to that of telithromycin, but in vitro data suggest a lower risk of hepatotoxicity, visual disturbance, and aggravation of myasthenia gravis due to reduced affinity for nicotinic receptors. Among quinolones, finafloxacin and delafloxacin share the unique property of an improved activity in acidic environments (found in many infection sites). Finafloxacin (phase II completed; activity profile similar to that of ciprofloxacin) is evaluated for complicated urinary tract and Helicobacter pylori infections. The other quinolones (directed towards Gram-positive pathogens) show improved activity on MRSA and multiresistant S. pneumoniae compared to current molecules. They are in clinical evaluation for ABSSSI (avarofloxacin (phase II completed), nemonoxacin and delafloxacin (ongoing phase III)), respiratory tract infections (zabofloxacin and nemonoxacin (ongoing phase III)), or gonorrhea (delafloxacin).

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Synthèse de littérature
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2014
Language Anglais
Journal information "Annals of medicine" - Vol. 46, no. 7, p. 512-529 (2014)
Peer reviewed yes
e-issn 1365-2060
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute
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Bibliographic reference Van Bambeke, Françoise. Renaissance of antibiotics against difficult infections: Focus on oritavancin and new ketolides and quinolones.. In: Annals of medicine, Vol. 46, no. 7, p. 512-529 (2014)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/153982