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Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity

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Leclercq, Sophie [UCL] Matamoros, Sébastien [UCL] Cani, Patrice D. [UCL] Neyrinck, Audrey M. [UCL] Jamar, François [UCL] Starkel, Peter [UCL] de Timary, Philippe [UCL] Delzenne, Nathalie M. [UCL]

Alcohol dependence has traditionally been considered a brain disorder. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota has recently been shown to be present in psychiatric disorders, which suggests the possibility of gut-to-brain interactions in the development of alcohol dependence. The aim of the present study was to explore whether changes in gut permeability are linked to gut-microbiota composition and activity in alcohol-dependent subjects. We also investigated whether gut dysfunction is associated with the psychological symptoms of alcohol dependence. Finally, we tested the reversibility of the biological and behavioral parameters after a short-term detoxification program. We found that some, but not all, alcohol-dependent subjects developed gut leakiness, which was associated with higher scores of depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving after 3 wk of abstinence, which may be important psychological factors of relapse. Moreover, subjects with increased gut permeability also had altered composition and activity of the gut microbiota. These results suggest the existence of a gut-brain axis in alcohol dependence, which implicates the gut microbiota as an actor in the gut barrier and in behavioral disorders. Thus, the gut microbiota seems to be a previously unidentified target in the management of alcohol dependence.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès libre
Publication date 2014
Language Anglais
Journal information "Proceedings of the National academy of sciences of the United States of America" - Vol. 111, no. 42, p. E4485-E4493 (2014)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher National Academy of Sciences ((United States) Washington, DC)
issn 0027-8424
e-issn 1091-6490
Publication status Publié
Affiliations UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute
UCL - SSS/IREC/GAEN - Pôle d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie
UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience
UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie
UCL - (SLuc) Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie
UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine nucléaire
UCL - (SLuc) Service de psychiatrie adulte
UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience
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Bibliographic reference Leclercq, Sophie ; Matamoros, Sébastien ; Cani, Patrice D. ; Neyrinck, Audrey M. ; Jamar, François ; et. al. Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity. In: Proceedings of the National academy of sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 111, no. 42, p. E4485-E4493 (2014)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/151988