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The effect of dams and seasons on malaria incidence and anopheles abundance in Ethiopia

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Yewhalaw, Delenasaw Getachew, Yehenew Tushune, Kora Michael, Kifle W. Kassahun, Wondwossen Speybroeck, Niko [UCL]

Background: Reservoirs created by damming rivers are often believed to increase malaria incidence risk and/or stretch the period of malaria transmission. In this paper, we report the effects of a mega hydropower dam on P. falciparum malaria incidence in Ethiopia.Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted over a period of 2 years to determine Plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence among children less than 10 years of age living near a mega hydropower dam in Ethiopia. A total of 2080 children from 16 villages located at different distances from a hydropower dam were followed up from 2008 to 2010 using active detection of cases based on weekly house to house visits. Of this cohort of children, 951 (48.09%) were females and 1059 (51.91%) were males, with a median age of 5 years. Malaria vectors were simultaneously surveyed in all the 16 study villages. Frailty models were used to explore associations between time-to-malaria and potential risk factors, whereas, mixed-effects Poisson regression models were used to assess the effect of different covariates on anopheline abundance.Results: Overall, 548 (26.86%) children experienced at least one clinical malaria episode during the follow up period with mean incidence rate of 14.26 cases/1000 child-months at risk (95% CI: 12.16 - 16.36). P. falciparum malaria incidence showed no statistically significant association with distance from the dam reservoir (p = 0.32). However, P. falciparum incidence varied significantly between seasons (p < 0.01). The malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis, was however more abundant in villages nearer to the dam reservoir.Conclusions: P. falciparum malaria incidence dynamics were more influenced by seasonal drivers than by the dam reservoir itself. The findings could have implications in timing optimal malaria control interventions and in developing an early warning system in Ethiopia. © 2013 Yewhalaw et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès libre
Publication date 2013
Language Anglais
Journal information "BMC Infectious Diseases" - Vol. 13, no.1, p. 161 [1-9 (2013)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher BioMed Central Ltd. ((United Kingdom) London)
e-issn 1471-2334
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société
Keywords Dam ; Child ; Cohort analysis ; Environmental change ; Ethiopia ; Female ; Follow up ; Human ; Hydropower dam ; Incidence ; Longitudinal study ; Ethiopia ; Malaria falciparum ; Male ; Nonhuman ; Population abundance ; Population density ; Preschool child ; School child ; Seasonal variation ; Water supply ; Malaria incidence ; Mosquito ; P. falciparum ; Season ; Anopheles ; Anopheles arabiensis ; Article
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Bibliographic reference Yewhalaw, Delenasaw ; Getachew, Yehenew ; Tushune, Kora ; Michael, Kifle W. ; Kassahun, Wondwossen ; et. al. The effect of dams and seasons on malaria incidence and anopheles abundance in Ethiopia. In: BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol. 13, no.1, p. 161 [1-9 (2013)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/139476