Sterpin, Edmond
[UCL]
Sorriaux, Jefferson
[UCL]
Vynckier, Stefaan
[UCL]
Purpose: Describing the implementation of nuclear reactions in the extension of the Monte Carlo code (MC) PENELOPE to protons (PENH) and benchmarking with Geant4. Methods: PENH is based on mixed-simulation mechanics for both elastic and inelastic electromagnetic collisions (EM). The adopted differential cross sections for EM elastic collisions are calculated using the eikonal approximation with the Dirac–Hartree–Fock–Slater atomic potential. Cross sections for EM inelastic collisions are computed within the relativistic Born approximation, using the Sternheimer–Liljequist model of the generalized oscillator strength. Nuclear elastic and inelastic collisions were simulated using explicitly the scattering analysis interactive dialin database for 1H and ICRU 63 data for 12C, 14N, 16O, 31P, and 40Ca. Secondary protons, alphas, and deuterons were all simulated as protons, with the energy adapted to ensure consistent range. Prompt gamma emission can also be simulated upon user request. Simulations were performed in a water phantom with nuclear interactions switched off or on and integral depth–dose distributions were compared. Binary-cascade and precompound models were used for Geant4. Initial energies of 100 and 250 MeV were considered. For cases with no nuclear interactions simulated, additional simulations in a water phantom with tight resolution (1 mm in all directions) were performed with FLUKA. Finally, integral depth– dose distributions for a 250 MeV energy were computed with Geant4 and PENH in a homogeneous phantom with, first, ICRU striated muscle and, second, ICRU compact bone. Results: For simulations with EM collisions only, integral depth–dose distributions were within 1%/1 mm for doses higher than 10% of the Bragg-peak dose. For central-axis depth–dose and lateral profiles in a phantom with tight resolution, there are significant deviations between Geant4 and PENH (up to 60%/1 cm for depth–dose distributions). The agreement is much better with FLUKA, with deviations within 3%/3 mm. When nuclear interactions were turned on, agreement (within 6% before the Bragg-peak) between PENH and Geant4 was consistent with uncertainties on nuclear models and cross sections, whatever the material simulated (water, muscle, or bone). Conclusions: A detailed and flexible description of nuclear reactions has been implemented in the PENH extension of PENELOPE to protons, which utilizes a mixed-simulation scheme for both elastic and inelastic EM collisions, analogous to the well-established algorithm for electrons/ positrons. PENH is compatible with all current main programs that use PENELOPE as the MC engine. The nuclear model of PENH is realistic enough to give dose distributions in fair agreement with those computed by Geant4.
- Salvat, Workshop Proceedings (2010)
- Sterpin E, Salvat F, Cravens R, Ruchala K, Olivera G H, Vynckier S, Monte Carlo simulation of helical tomotherapy with PENELOPE, 10.1088/0031-9155/53/8/011
- Sempau J, Sánchez-Reyes A, Salvat F, Tahar H Oulad ben, Jiang S B, Fernández-Varea J M, Monte Carlo simulation of electron beams from an accelerator head using PENELOPE, 10.1088/0031-9155/46/4/318
- Sempau Josep, Andreo Pedro, Aldana Judith, Mazurier Jocelyne, Salvat Francesc, Electron beam quality correction factors for plane-parallel ionization chambers: Monte Carlo calculations using the PENELOPE system, 10.1088/0031-9155/49/18/016
- Sempau Josep, Badal Andreu, Brualla Lorenzo, A PENELOPE
-based system for the automated Monte Carlo simulation of clinacs and voxelized geometries-application to far-from-axis fields : Automated MC simulation of clinacs with PENELOPE
, 10.1118/1.3643029
- Yi Chul-Young, Hah Suck-Ho, Yeom Min Sun, Monte Carlo calculation of the ionization chamber response to Co60 beam usingPENELOPE : PENELOPEsimulation of ion chamber response, 10.1118/1.2188822
- Bueno G., Déniz O., Carrascosa C. B., Delgado J. M., Brualla L., Fast Monte Carlo simulation on a voxelized human phantom deformed to a patient : Fast MC simulation on a deformed human phantom, 10.1118/1.3245877
- Kawrakow I., Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. I.EGSnrc, the newEGS4version, 10.1118/1.598917
- Kawrakow I., Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. II. Application to ion chamber response simulations, 10.1118/1.598918
- Rogers D W O, Fifty years of Monte Carlo simulations for medical physics, 10.1088/0031-9155/51/13/r17
- J. Sempau 2006 http://www.upc.es/inte/downloads/penEasy.htm
- Jia Xun, Schümann Jan, Paganetti Harald, Jiang Steve B, GPU-based fast Monte Carlo dose calculation for proton therapy, 10.1088/0031-9155/57/23/7783
- Fippel Matthias, Soukup Martin, A Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm for proton therapy, 10.1118/1.1769631
- F. Salvat A generic algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of proton transport
- International Commission in Radiation Units and Measurements, Nuclear data for neutron and proton radiotherapy and for radiation protection (2000)
- V. McLane ENDF-102 data formats and procedures for the evaluated nuclear data file ENDF-6 2001
- Agostinelli S., Allison J., Amako K., Apostolakis J., Araujo H., Arce P., Asai M., Axen D., Banerjee S., Barrand G., Behner F., Bellagamba L., Boudreau J., Broglia L., Brunengo A., Burkhardt H., Chauvie S., Chuma J., Chytracek R., Cooperman G., Cosmo G., Degtyarenko P., Dell'Acqua A., Depaola G., Dietrich D., Enami R., Feliciello A., Ferguson C., Fesefeldt H., Folger G., Foppiano F., Forti A., Garelli S., Giani S., Giannitrapani R., Gibin D., Gómez Cadenas J.J., González I., Gracia Abril G., Greeniaus G., Greiner W., Grichine V., Grossheim A., Guatelli S., Gumplinger P., Hamatsu R., Hashimoto K., Hasui H., Heikkinen A., Howard A., Ivanchenko V., Johnson A., Jones F.W., Kallenbach J., Kanaya N., Kawabata M., Kawabata Y., Kawaguti M., Kelner S., Kent P., Kimura A., Kodama T., Kokoulin R., Kossov M., Kurashige H., Lamanna E., Lampén T., Lara V., Lefebure V., Lei F., Liendl M., Lockman W., Longo F., Magni S., Maire M., Medernach E., Minamimoto K., Mora de Freitas P., Morita Y., Murakami K., Nagamatu M., Nartallo R., Nieminen P., Nishimura T., Ohtsubo K., Okamura M., O'Neale S., Oohata Y., Paech K., Perl J., Pfeiffer A., Pia M.G., Ranjard F., Rybin A., Sadilov S., Di Salvo E., Santin G., Sasaki T., Savvas N., Sawada Y., Scherer S., Sei S., Sirotenko V., Smith D., Starkov N., Stoecker H., Sulkimo J., Takahata M., Tanaka S., Tcherniaev E., Safai Tehrani E., Tropeano M., Truscott P., Uno H., Urban L., Urban P., Verderi M., Walkden A., Wander W., Weber H., Wellisch J.P., Wenaus T., Williams D.C., Wright D., Yamada T., Yoshida H., Zschiesche D., Geant4—a simulation toolkit, 10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8
- Grevillot Loïc, Frisson Thibault, Zahra Nabil, Bertrand Damien, Stichelbaut Frédéric, Freud Nicolas, Sarrut David, Optimization of GEANT4 settings for Proton Pencil Beam Scanning simulations using GATE, 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.07.011
- Jan S, Santin G, Strul D, Staelens S, Assié K, Autret D, Avner S, Barbier R, Bardiès M, Bloomfield P M, Brasse D, Breton V, Bruyndonckx P, Buvat I, Chatziioannou A F, Choi Y, Chung Y H, Comtat C, Donnarieix D, Ferrer L, Glick S J, Groiselle C J, Guez D, Honore P-F, Kerhoas-Cavata S, Kirov A S, Kohli V, Koole M, Krieguer M, Laan D J van der, Lamare F, Largeron G, Lartizien C, Lazaro D, Maas M C, Maigne L, Mayet F, Melot F, Merheb C, Pennacchio E, Perez J, Pietrzyk U, Rannou F R, Rey M, Schaart D R, Schmidtlein C R, Simon L, Song T Y, Vieira J-M, Visvikis D, Walle R Van de, Wieërs E, Morel C, GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT, 10.1088/0031-9155/49/19/007
- Ivanchenko V N, Kadri O, Maire M, Urban L, Geant4 models for simulation of multiple scattering, 10.1088/1742-6596/219/3/032045
- Physics Reference Manual for Geant4 2010
- Fasso, Proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications, Lisbon, 23-26 October 2000, 955 (2000)
- Fassò, Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics Conference Proceedings (2003)
- International Commission in Radiation Units and Measurements, Tissue substitutes in radiation dosimetry and measurement (1989)
- Arndt Richard A., Strakovsky Igor I., Workman Ron L., Nucleon-nucleon elastic scattering to 3 GeV, 10.1103/physrevc.62.034005
- Cross Sections Evaluation Working Group, ENDF-6 Formats Manual (2009)
- Paganetti H, Nuclear interactions in proton therapy: dose and relative biological effect distributions originating from primary and secondary particles, 10.1088/0031-9155/47/5/305
- Bom Victor, Joulaeizadeh Leila, Beekman Freek, Real-time prompt gamma monitoring in spot-scanning proton therapy using imaging through a knife-edge-shaped slit, 10.1088/0031-9155/57/2/297
- Smeets J, Roellinghoff F, Prieels D, Stichelbaut F, Benilov A, Busca P, Fiorini C, Peloso R, Basilavecchia M, Frizzi T, Dehaes J C, Dubus A, Prompt gamma imaging with a slit camera for real-time range control in proton therapy, 10.1088/0031-9155/57/11/3371
- Rinaldi I, Ferrari A, Mairani A, Paganetti H, Parodi K, Sala P, An integral test of FLUKA nuclear models with 160 MeV proton beams in multi-layer Faraday cups, 10.1088/0031-9155/56/13/016
Bibliographic reference |
Sterpin, Edmond ; Sorriaux, Jefferson ; Vynckier, Stefaan. Extension of PENELOPE to protons: Simulation of nuclear reactions and benchmark with Geant4. In: Medical Physics, Vol. 40, no.11, p. 111705 (2013) |
Permanent URL |
http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/135390 |