We report on a simple process for the chemisorption of poly(thiophene)-based block copolymers onto ITO substrates. Two poly(thiophene) block copolymers functionalized by acrylates on the second block are prepared by the Grignard Metathesis (GRIM) process. The !rst block is composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the second block is either a polythiophene bearing an acrylate group on each monomer unit (PAcET), or a polythiophene bearing both acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) side chains (P(AcET-co-PEGET)). After characterizing their macromolecular parameters and optical properties, we investigate their ability to self-assemble into micelles in DMF solutions. This solvent is required for the electrografting procedure that is used for strongly anchoring the polymer to ITO. These micelles are expected to be formed by a P3HT core and a PAcET or P(AcET-co-PEGET) shell. When PEG side chains are present in the second block, the copolymer nicely self-assembles into micelles decorated by acrylates. Cathodic polarization of ITO induces chemisorption and polymerization of acrylate groups, leading to an adherent organized !lm of poly(thiophene)-based micelles. The optical absorption spectra show that the electrografted polymer chains have a degree of p-electron conjugation similar to that of crystalline P3HT !lms. In the absence of the PEG chains, the copolymer does not organize into micelles, due to the low stabilizing ability of the second block in DMF.
Malliaras G. G., Scott J. C., The roles of injection and mobility in organic light emitting diodes, 10.1063/1.367369
Li, Chem. Mater., 20, 4873 (2008)
Huang Qinglan, Li Jianfeng, Marks Tobin J., Evmenenko Guennadi A., Dutta Pulak, Triarylamine siloxane anode functionalization/hole injection layers in high efficiency/high luminance small-molecule green- and blue-emitting organic light-emitting diodes, 10.1063/1.2719276
Campbell I. H., Rubin S., Zawodzinski T. A., Kress J. D., Martin R. L., Smith D. L., Barashkov N. N., Ferraris J. P., Controlling Schottky energy barriers in organic electronic devices using self-assembled monolayers, 10.1103/physrevb.54.r14321
Yan He, Lee Paul, Armstrong Neal R., Graham Amy, Evmenenko Guennadi A., Dutta Pulak, Marks Tobin J., High-Performance Hole-Transport Layers for Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes. Implementation of Organosiloxane Cross-Linking Chemistry in Polymeric Electroluminescent Devices, 10.1021/ja044455q
Li Jianfeng, Marks Tobin J., Air-Stable, Cross-Linkable, Hole-Injecting/Transporting Interlayers for Improved Charge Injection in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes, 10.1021/cm703689j
Corgier Benjamin P., Marquette Christophe A., Blum Loïc J., Diazonium−Protein Adducts for Graphite Electrode Microarrays Modification: Direct and Addressed Electrochemical Immobilization, 10.1021/ja056946w
Descamps E., Leïchlé T., Corso B., Laurent S., Mailley P., Nicu L., Livache T., Bergaud C., Fabrication of Oligonucleotide Chips by Using Parallel Cantilever-Based Electrochemical Deposition in Picoliter Volumes, 10.1002/adma.200602152
Rüdiger Olaf, Abad Jose M., Hatchikian E. Claude, Fernandez Victor M., De Lacey Antonio L., Oriented Immobilization ofDesulfovibriogigasHydrogenase onto Carbon Electrodes by Covalent Bonds for Nonmediated Oxidation of H2, 10.1021/ja0554312
Wolf Michael O., Wrighton Mark S., Tunable Electron Density at a Rhenium Carbonyl Complex Coordinated to the Conducting Polymer Poly[5,5'-(2-thienyl)-2,2'-bithiazole], 10.1021/cm00045a009
Tran Truong Khoa, Bricaud Quentin, Oçafrain Maïténa, Blanchard Philippe, Roncali Jean, Lenfant Stéphane, Godey Sylvie, Vuillaume Dominique, Rondeau David, Thiolate Chemistry: A Powerful and Versatile Synthetic Tool for Immobilization/Functionalization of Oligothiophenes on a Gold Surface, 10.1002/chem.201003687
Stockhausen Verena, Ghilane Jalal, Martin Pascal, Trippé-Allard Gaelle, Randriamahazaka Hyacinthe, Lacroix Jean-Christophe, Grafting Oligothiophenes on Surfaces by Diazonium Electroreduction: A Step toward Ultrathin Junction with Well-Defined Metal/Oligomer Interface, 10.1021/ja9047009
Martin Pascal, Della Rocca Maria Luisa, Anthore Anne, Lafarge Philippe, Lacroix Jean-Christophe, Organic Electrodes Based on Grafted Oligothiophene Units in Ultrathin, Large-Area Molecular Junctions, 10.1021/ja209914d
Ohshita Joji, Matsukawa Junya, Iwawaki Tomonori, Matsui Shigenori, Ooyama Yousuke, Harima Yutaka, Attachment of poly[(ethoxyhexylsilylene)oligothienylene]s to inorganic oxide surface, 10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.01.014
Gabriel Sabine, Jérôme Robert, Jérôme Christine, Cathodic electrografting of acrylics: From fundamentals to functional coatings, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.11.003
Labaye D. E., Jérôme C., Geskin V. M., Louette P., Lazzaroni R., Martinot L., Jérôme R., Full Electrochemical Synthesis of Conducting Polymer Films Chemically Grafted to Conducting Surfaces, 10.1021/la011439n
Zen A., Pflaum J., Hirschmann S., Zhuang W., Jaiser F., Asawapirom U., Rabe J. P., Scherf U., Neher D., Effect of Molecular Weight and Annealing of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)s on the Performance of Organic Field-Effect Transistors, 10.1002/adfm.200400017
Kline R.J., McGehee M.D., Kadnikova E.N., Liu J., Fréchet J.M.J., Controlling the Field-Effect Mobility of Regioregular Polythiophene by Changing the Molecular Weight, 10.1002/adma.200305275
Ma Wanli, Kim Jin Young, Lee Kwanghee, Heeger Alan J., Effect of the Molecular Weight of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) on the Morphology and Performance of Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells, 10.1002/marc.200700280
Koppe Markus, Brabec Christoph J., Heiml Sabrina, Schausberger Alois, Duffy Warren, Heeney Martin, McCulloch Iain, Influence of Molecular Weight Distribution on the Gelation of P3HT and Its Impact on the Photovoltaic Performance, 10.1021/ma9005445
Hiorns R. C., de Bettignies R., Leroy J., Bailly S., Firon M., Sentein C., Khoukh A., Preud'homme H., Dagron-Lartigau C., High Molecular Weights, Polydispersities, and Annealing Temperatures in the Optimization of Bulk-Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells Based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene) or Poly(3-butylthiophene), 10.1002/adfm.200600005
Woo Claire H., Thompson Barry C., Kim Bumjoon J., Toney Michael F., Fréchet Jean M. J., The Influence of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Regioregularity on Fullerene-Composite Solar Cell Performance, 10.1021/ja806493n
Kim Jong Soo, Lee Youngmin, Lee Ji Hwang, Park Jong Hwan, Kim Jin Kon, Cho Kilwon, High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Based on End-Functional-Group-Modified Poly(3-hexylthiophene), 10.1002/adma.200902803
Ho Victor, Boudouris Bryan W., Segalman Rachel A., Tuning Polythiophene Crystallization through Systematic Side Chain Functionalization, 10.1021/ma101697m
Bendrea Anca-Dana, Fabregat Georgina, Cianga Luminita, Estrany Francesc, del Valle Luis J., Cianga Ioan, Alemán Carlos, Hybrid materials consisting of an all-conjugated polythiophene backbone and grafted hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) chains, 10.1039/c3py00029j
Zhang Yue, Tajima Keisuke, Hirota Kouske, Hashimoto Kazuhito, Synthesis of All-Conjugated Diblock Copolymers by Quasi-Living Polymerization and Observation of Their Microphase Separation, 10.1021/ja8023516
He Ming, Zhao Lei, Wang Jun, Han Wei, Yang Yuliang, Qiu Feng, Lin Zhiqun, Self-Assembly of All-Conjugated Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Diblock Copolymer Nanostructures from Mixed Selective Solvents, 10.1021/nn100543w
Yu Jianfei, Holdcroft Steven, Solid-State Thermolytic and Catalytic Reactions in Functionalized Regioregular Polythiophenes, 10.1021/ma991853i
Nilsson Kristian, Mellin Lisa, Nederberg Fredrik, Bowden Tim, Addition of Thiol-Containing Ligands to a Surface-Active Michael Acceptor, 10.1021/ma0605696
Ouhib Farid, Desbief Simon, Lazzaroni Roberto, De Winter Julien, Gerbaux Pascal, Jérôme Christine, Detrembleur Christophe, Thermally Induced Coupling of Poly(thiophene)-Based Block Copolymers Prepared by Grignard Metathesis Polymerization: A Straightforward Route toward Highly Regioregular Multiblock Conjugated Copolymers, 10.1021/ma3009405
Iovu Mihaela Corina, Sheina Elena E., Gil Roberto R., McCullough Richard D., Experimental Evidence for the Quasi-“Living” Nature of the Grignard Metathesis Method for the Synthesis of Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophenes), 10.1021/ma051122k
Murray Kenneth A., Holmes Andrew B., Moratti Stephen C., Rumbles Garry, Conformational changes in regioregular polythiophenes due to crosslinking, 10.1039/a902683e
Ouhib Farid, Tomassetti Mirco, Manca Jean, Piersimoni Fortunato, Spoltore Donato, Bertho Sabine, Moons Hans, Lazzaroni Roberto, Desbief Simon, Jerome Christine, Detrembleur Christophe, Thermally Stable Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Cross-Linkable Acrylate-Functionalized Polythiophene Diblock Copolymers, 10.1021/ma3020905
Bao Zhenan, Dodabalapur Ananth, Lovinger Andrew J., Soluble and processable regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) for thin film field‐effect transistor applications with high mobility, 10.1063/1.117834
Desbief Simon, Hergué Noémie, Douhéret Olivier, Surin Mathieu, Dubois Philippe, Geerts Yves, Lazzaroni Roberto, Leclère Philippe, Nanoscale investigation of the electrical properties in semiconductor polymer–carbon nanotube hybrid materials, 10.1039/c2nr11888b
LECLERE P, SURIN M, BROCORENS P, CAVALLINI M, BISCARINI F, LAZZARONI R, Supramolecular assembly of conjugated polymers: From molecular engineering to solid-state properties, 10.1016/j.mser.2006.12.001
Liu Jianhua, Arif Mohammad, Zou Jianhua, Khondaker Saiful I., Zhai Lei, Controlling Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Crystal Dimension: Nanowhiskers and Nanoribbons, 10.1021/ma901955c
Baute Noëlle, Teyssié Philippe, Martinot Lucien, Mertens Marc, Dubois Philippe, Jérôme Robert, Electrografting of Acrylic and Methacrylic Monomers onto Metals: Influence of the Relative Polarity and Donor–Acceptor Properties of the Monomer and the Solvent, 10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199811)1998:11<1711::aid-ejic1711>3.0.co;2-x
Chen Tian-An, Wu Xiaoming, Rieke Reuben D., Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Mediated by Rieke Zinc: Their Characterization and Solid-State Properties, 10.1021/ja00106a027
McCullough Richard D., Lowe Renae D., Jayaraman Manikandan, Anderson Deborah L., Design, synthesis, and control of conducting polymer architectures: structurally homogeneous poly(3-alkylthiophenes), 10.1021/jo00056a024
Bibliographic reference
Ouhib, Farid ; Desbief, Simon ; Lazzaroni, Roberto ; Melinte, Sorin ; Dutu, Constantin Augustin ; et. al. Electrografting onto ITO substrates of poly(thiophene)-based micelles decorated by acrylate groups.. In: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 4, no. 15, p. 4151-4161 (2103)