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Individual dispersal, landscape connectivity and ecological networks

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Baguette, Michel [Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Saint-Girons, France] Blanchet, Simon [Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Saint-Girons, France] Legrand, Delphine [Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Saint-Girons, France] Stevens, Virginie [Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Saint-Girons, France] Turlure, Camille [UCL]

Connectivity is classically considered an emergent property of landscapes encapsulating individuals’ flows across space. However, its operational use requires a precise understanding of why and how organisms disperse. Such movements, and hence landscape connectivity, will obviously vary according to both organism properties and landscape features. We review whether landscape connectivity estimates could gain in both precision and generality by incorporating three fundamental outcomes of dispersal theory. Firstly, dispersal is a multi-causal process; its restriction to an ‘escape reaction’ to environmental unsuitability is an oversimplification, as dispersing individuals can leave excellent quality habitat patches or stay in poor-quality habitats according to the relative costs and benefits of dispersal and philopatry. Secondly, species, populations and individuals do not always react similarly to those cues that trigger dispersal, which sometimes results in contrasting dispersal strategies. Finally, dispersal is a major component of fitness and is thus under strong selective pressures, which could generate rapid adaptations of dispersal strategies. Such evolutionary responses will entail spatiotemporal variation in landscape connectivity. We thus strongly recommend the use of genetic tools to: (i) assess gene flow intensity and direction among populations in a given landscape; and (ii) accurately estimate landscape features impacting gene flow, and hence landscape connectivity. Such approaches will provide the basic data for planning corridors or stepping stones aiming at (re)connecting local populations of a given species in a given landscape. This strategy is clearly species- and landscape-specific. But we suggest that the ecological network in a given landscape could be designed by stacking up such linkages designed for several species living in different ecosystems. This procedure relies on the use of umbrella species that are representative of other species living in the same ecosystem.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2013
Language Anglais
Journal information "Biological Reviews" - , p. 1-17 (2013)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ((United Kingdom) Oxford)
issn 1464-7931
e-issn 1469-185X
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity
Keywords biodiversity ; landscape ; seascape ; water basin ; functional connectivity ; structural connectivity ; landscape fragmentation ; landscape genetics ; umbrella species ; biological conservation ; extinction ; gene flow ; population isolation ; habitat selection ; individual fitness ; ideal free distribution ; linkage strategy ; 3123
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Bibliographic reference Baguette, Michel ; Blanchet, Simon ; Legrand, Delphine ; Stevens, Virginie ; Turlure, Camille. Individual dispersal, landscape connectivity and ecological networks. In: Biological Reviews, , p. 1-17 (2013)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/121961