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Chemical variation of essential oil constituents of Ocimum gratissimum L. from Benin, and impact on antimicrobial properties and toxicity against Artemia salina leach

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Kpadonou Kpoviessi, Bénédicta G H [UCL] Ladekan, Eléonore Yayi Kpoviessi, Dossou Sika Salomé [UCL] Gbaguidi, Fernand Yehouenou, Boniface Quetin-Leclercq, Joëlle [UCL] Accrombessi, Georges C

To determine the period of harvest that optimizes the antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. from Benin, aerial plant parts were collected at two vegetative stages (pre- and full-flowering) and three sampling times (7 am, 1 pm, and 7 pm). Extraction by hydrodistillation yielded between 0.65 and 0.78% of essential oils. Characterization of the oils by GC-FID and GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of monoterpenes (87.26-93.81%), sesquiterpenes (5.57-11.34%), and aliphatic compounds (0.15-0.18%), with p-cymene (1; 28.08-53.82%), thymol (2; 3.32-29.13%), γ-terpinene (3; 1.11-10.91%), α-thujene (4; 3.37-10.77%), and β-myrcene (5; 4.24-8.28%) as major components. Two chemotypes were observed, i.e., a p-cymene/thymol and a p-cymene chemotype, for plants harvested at 7 am for the former and at 1 pm or 7 pm for the latter, respectively. The oils were fungicidal against Candida albicans, with the sample from full-flowering plants collected at 7 am being the most active (MIC = 0.06±0.00 mg/ml). The chemical variation of the oils also influenced the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus; the most active oil was obtained from plants at the pre-flowering stage collected at 7 am (MIC=0.24±0.01 mg/ml). Escherichia coli was insensitive to the chemical variation of the oils (MICs of ca. 0.48±0.02 mg/ml for all oils). Moreover, the essential oils showed low toxicity against Artemia salina Leach larvae, with LC(50) values in the range of 43-146 μg/ml. This is the first study of the interaction between the daytime of collection and vegetative stage of the plants and the antimicrobial properties and toxicity of the essential oil of O. gratissimum from Benin.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2012
Language Anglais
Journal information "Chemistry & Biodiversity" - Vol. 9, no.1, p. 139-150 (2012)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Wiley - V C H Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA ((Germany) Weinheim)
issn 1612-1872
e-issn 1612-1880
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute
MESH Subject Animals ; Oils, Volatile ; Plant Components, Aerial ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Time Factors ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Artemia ; Candida albicans ; Escherichia coli ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Larva ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Ocimum
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Bibliographic reference Kpadonou Kpoviessi, Bénédicta G H ; Ladekan, Eléonore Yayi ; Kpoviessi, Dossou Sika Salomé ; Gbaguidi, Fernand ; Yehouenou, Boniface ; et. al. Chemical variation of essential oil constituents of Ocimum gratissimum L. from Benin, and impact on antimicrobial properties and toxicity against Artemia salina leach. In: Chemistry & Biodiversity, Vol. 9, no.1, p. 139-150 (2012)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/120909