Tumeur testiculaire et gynécomastie : à propos de deux cas cliniques

Gynecomastia is a benign proliferation of the glandular tissue of the male breast, which results from an increase in the ratio of estrogen to androgen activity. Testicular tumours represent a rare but potentially severe cause of gynecomastia, and they require an early treatment. In the absence of another obvious aetiology, a testicular neoplasm should always be ruled out in adults with a gynecomastia of recent onset or painful. We report here the cases of two young men with a gynecomastia leading to the diagnosis of testicular tumour (seminoma with a component of hCG-positive syncytiotrophoblastic cells). We will review here how to evaluate gynecomastia, the clinical and biological signs which should suggest the diagnosis of a testicular neoplasm, the types of testicular tumours potentially associated with gynecomastia, and the responsible mechanisms.