Necessity and/or opportunity entrepreneuship : which impact on the firm's creation?

(eng) This dissertation consists of four essays. The first essay offers a review of the literature devoted to necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship. The second essay focuses on the impact of the creator’s socio-economic characteristics on his/her necessity-opportunity positioning. The third and fourth essays analyze the impact of necessity and opportunity motivations on two aspects of the firm creation process. The third essay examines whether or not the necessity and/or the opportunity motivations can have an impact on the choice of the economic sector in which a business is started. The fourth essay focuses on the differences between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs in terms of the gestation activities, i.e. the activities undertaken by nascent entrepreneurs during the organization’s creation process.