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Arbuscular mycorrhiza on root-organ cultures

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Fortin, André, J. [Neufchatel,Canada] Becard, Guillaume [Université Paul Sabatier, Castanet-Tolosan, France] Declerck, Stephan [UCL] Dalpe, Yolande [Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada] St-Arnaud, Marc [Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Canada] Piche, Yves [Université de Laval, Canada]

The study of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the AM symbiosis formed with host plant roots is complicated by the biotrophic and hypogeous nature of the mycobionts involved. To overcome this, several attempts have been made during the last three decades to obtain this symbiosis in vitro. The use of root-organ cultures has proved particularly successful. In this review, we describe the method by which root-organ cultures (transformed and nontransformed) have been obtained, together with the choice of host species, inoculation techniques, and culture media. We also outline the potential use of continuous cultures and cryopreservation of in vitro produced spores for long-term germ plasm storage. Furthermore, this review highlights the considerable impact that in vitro root-organ cultures have had on studies of AM fungal morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny and how they have improved our understanding of the processes leading to root colonization and development of the extraradical mycelium. This is supported by a summary of some of the most important findings, regarding this symbiosis, that have been made at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. We also summarize results from studies between AM fungi and certain pathogenic and nonpathogenic soil microorganisms. We describe some of the limitations of this in vitro system and propose diverse avenues of AM research that can now be undertaken, including the potential use of a similar system for ectomycorrhizal research.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Synthèse de littérature
Publication date 2002
Language Anglais
Journal information "Canadian Journal of Botany" - Vol. 80, no. 1, p. 1-20 (2002)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Natl Research Council Canada (Ottawa)
issn 0008-4026
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - AGRO/CABI - Département de chimie appliquée et des bio-industries
Keywords arbuscular mycorrhiza ; root-organ cultures ; Glomales ; in vitro ; root symbioses ; source of inoculum ; cryopreservation ; intraradical and extraradical mycelium ; mycorrhizosphere ; 3130
Links
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Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/42174