User menu

Accès à distance ? S'identifier sur le proxy UCLouvain

A metapopulation perspective for salmon and other anadromous fish

Primary tabs

Schtickzelle, Nicolas [UCL] Quinn, Thomas P.

Salmonids are an important component of biodiversity, culture and economy in several regions, particularly the North Pacific Rim. Given this importance, they have been intensively studied for about a century, and the pioneering scientists recognized the critical link between population structure and conservation. Spatial structure is indeed of prime importance for salmon conservation and management. At first glance, the essence of the metapopulation concept, i.e. a population of populations, widely used on other organisms like butterflies, seems to be particularly relevant to salmon, and more generally to anadromous fish. Nevertheless, the concept is rarely used, and barely tested. Here, we present a metapopulation perspective for anadromous fish, assessing in terms of processes rather than of patterns the set of necessary conditions for metapopulation dynamics to exist. Salmon, and particularly sockeye salmon in Alaska, are used as an illustrative case study. A review of life history traits indicates that the three basic conditions are likely to be fulfilled by anadromous salmon: (i) the spawning habitat is discrete and populations are spatially separated by unsuitable habitat; (ii) some asynchrony is present in the dynamics of more or less distant populations and (iii) dispersal links populations because some salmon stray from their natal population. The implications of some peculiarities of salmon life history traits, unusual in classical metapopulations, are also discussed. Deeper understanding of the population structure of anadromous fish will be advanced by future studies on specific topics: (i) criteria must be defined for the delineation of suitable habitats that are based on features of the biotope and not on the presence of fish; (ii) the collection of long-term data and the development of improved methods to determine age structure are essential for correctly estimating levels of asynchrony between populations and (iii) several key aspects of dispersal are still poorly understood and need to be examined in detail: the spatial and temporal scales of dispersal movements, the origin and destination populations instead of simple straying rates, and the relative reproductive success of immigrants and residents.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Synthèse de littérature
Publication date 2007
Language Anglais
Journal information "Fish and Fisheries" - Vol. 8, no. 4, p. 297-314 (2007)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Blackwell Publishing (Oxford)
issn 1467-2960
e-issn 1467-2979
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL
Keywords conservation and management ; metapopulation dynamics ; population structure ; salmon ; spatial structure ; trout
Links
  1. Anderson J.H., Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 64, 1143 (2007)
  2. Baguette Michel, The classical metapopulation theory and the real, natural world: a critical appraisal, 10.1016/j.baae.2004.03.001
  3. Beacham Terry D., Candy John R., McIntosh Brenda, MacConnachie Cathy, Tabata Amy, Kaukinen Karia, Deng Langtuo, Miller Kristina M., Withler Ruth E., Varnavskaya Natalia, Estimation of Stock Composition and Individual Identification of Sockeye Salmon on a Pacific Rim Basis Using Microsatellite and Major Histocompatibility Complex Variation, 10.1577/t05-005.1
  4. Beacham T.D., Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135, 174 (2006)
  5. S.R. Beissinger, and D.R. McCullough (2002 ) Population Viability Analysis . The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, xvi + 577 pp.
  6. Boorman Scott A., Levitt Paul R., Group selection on the boundary of a stable population, 10.1016/0040-5809(73)90007-5
  7. Brown James H., Kodric-Brown Astrid, Turnover Rates in Insular Biogeography: Effect of Immigration on Extinction, 10.2307/1935620
  8. Bryant Mason D., Frenette Brian J., McCurdy Steven J., Colonization of a Watershed by Anadromous Salmonids following the Installation of a Fish Ladder in Margaret Creek, Southeast Alaska, 10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<1129:coawba>2.0.co;2
  9. Burnett Kelly M., Reeves Gordon H., Miller Daniel J., Clarke Sharon, Vance-Borland Ken, Christiansen Kelly, DISTRIBUTION OF SALMON-HABITAT POTENTIAL RELATIVE TO LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION, 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0066:dosprt]2.0.co;2
  10. Candy John R, Beacham Terry D, Patterns of homing and straying in southern British Columbia coded-wire tagged chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations, 10.1016/s0165-7836(99)00124-1
  11. Churikov D., Gharrett A. J., Comparative phylogeography of the two pink salmon broodlines: an analysis based on a mitochondrial DNA genealogy, 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01506.x
  12. Clark J.H., Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, 12, 1 (2006)
  13. Clinchy Michael, Haydon Daniel T., Smith Andrew T., Pattern Does Not Equal Process: What Does Patch Occupancy Really Tell Us about Metapopulation Dynamics?, 10.1086/338990
  14. Consuegra Sofía, García de Leániz Carlos, Fluctuating sex ratios, but no sex-biased dispersal, in a promiscuous fish, 10.1007/s10682-006-9001-7
  15. Consuegra Sofía, Verspoor Eric, Knox David, García de Leániz Carlos, Asymmetric gene flow and the evolutionary maintenance of genetic diversity in small, peripheral Atlantic salmon populations, 10.1007/s10592-005-9042-4
  16. Cooper A.B., Fishery Bulletin, 97, 213 (1999)
  17. Cury P., Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51, 1664 (1994)
  18. Dias Paula C., Sources and sinks in population biology, 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10037-9
  19. Dunham J. B., Rieman B. E., Metapopulation Structure of Bull Trout: Influences of Physical, Biotic, and Geometrical Landscape Characteristics, 10.2307/2641151
  20. Fahrig Lenore, Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132419
  21. Fraser Dylan J., Bernatchez Louis, Adaptive evolutionary conservation: towards a unified concept for defining conservation units, 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01411.x
  22. Fromentin Jean-Marc, Powers Joseph E, Atlantic bluefin tuna: population dynamics, ecology, fisheries and management, 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2005.00197.x
  23. Garant Dany, Dodson Julian J., Bernatchez Louis, Ecological determinants and temporal stability of the within-river population structure in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) *, 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00909.x
  24. GENDE SCOTT M., EDWARDS RICHARD T., WILLSON MARY F., WIPFLI MARK S., Pacific Salmon in Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0917:psiaat]2.0.co;2
  25. Gilpin M., Metapopulation Dynamics: Empirical and Theoretical Investigations (1991)
  26. Gotelli N.J., Evolutionary Ecology Research, 1, 835 (1999)
  27. Gowan Charles, Fausch Kurt D., Long-Term Demographic Responses of Trout Populations to Habitat Manipulation in Six Colorado Streams, 10.2307/2269496
  28. Hanski Ilkka, Metapopulation dynamics: Does it help to have more of the same?, 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90061-x
  29. Hanski Ilkka, 10.1038/23876
  30. I. Hanski (1999 ) Metapopulation Ecology . Oxford University Press, Oxford, 313 pp.
  31. Hanski I., Population Viability Analysis, 86 (2002)
  32. I. Hanski, and O.E. Gaggiotti (2004 ) Ecology, genetics, and evolution of metapopulations . Academic Press, Amsterdam, 696 pp.
  33. Hanski I., Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 42, 3 (1991)
  34. I. Hanski, and M.E. Gilpin (1997 ) Metapopulation Biology, Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution . Academic Press, San Diego, 512 pp.
  35. Hanski Ilkka, Simberloff Daniel, The Metapopulation Approach, Its History, Conceptual Domain, and Application to Conservation, Metapopulation Biology (1997) ISBN:9780123234452 p.5-26, 10.1016/b978-012323445-2/50003-1
  36. Hanski Ilkka, Pakkala Timo, Kuussaari Mikko, Lei Guangchun, Metapopulation Persistence of an Endangered Butterfly in a Fragmented Landscape, 10.2307/3546033
  37. Hard J.J., Status Review of Pink Salmon from Washington, Oregon, and California (1996)
  38. Harrison S., Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 42, 73 (1991)
  39. Harrison S., Large-Scale Ecology and Conservation Biology, 111 (1994)
  40. Harrison Susan, Taylor Andrew D., Empirical Evidence for Metapopulation Dynamics, Metapopulation Biology (1997) ISBN:9780123234452 p.27-42, 10.1016/b978-012323445-2/50004-3
  41. Heard W.R., Pacific Salmon Life Histories, 119 (1991)
  42. HENDRY ANDREW P., DAY TROY, Population structure attributable to reproductive time: isolation by time and adaptation by time : ISOLATION BY TIME AND ADAPTATION BY TIME, 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02480.x
  43. Hendry A.P., Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73, 339 (1995)
  44. R. Hilborn, and C.J. Walters (1992 ) Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment: Choice, Dynamics, and Uncertainty . Chapman and Hall, New York, NY, 570 pp.
  45. Hilborn R., Quinn T. P., Schindler D. E., Rogers D. E., Biocomplexity and fisheries sustainability, 10.1073/pnas.1037274100
  46. Hill M. Forrest, Hastings Alan, Botsford Louis W., The Effects of Small Dispersal Rates on Extinction Times in Structured Metapopulation Models, 10.1086/341526
  47. HINDAR K, TUFTO J, SATTEM L, BALSTAD T, Conservation of genetic variation in harvested salmon populations, 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.08.011
  48. Isaak D.J., Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 60, 840 (2003)
  49. Jager Henriette I., Chandler James A., Lepla Kenneth B., Van Winkle Webb, 10.1023/a:1011036127663
  50. Jonsson B., Jonsson N., Hansen L. P., Atlantic salmon straying from the River Imsa, 10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00053.x
  51. Kato F., Pacific Salmon Life Histories, 448 (2007)
  52. Keefer M.L., Straying rate of know-origin adult chinook salmon and steelhead within the Columbia River Basin, 2000-2003 (2005)
  53. Kindvall Oskar, Habitat Heterogeneity and Survival in a Bush Cricket Metapopulation, 10.2307/2265670
  54. Koizumi I., Maekawa K., Metapopulation structure of stream-dwelling Dolly Varden charr inferred from patterns of occurrence in the Sorachi River basin, Hokkaido, Japan, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01240.x
  55. Kritzer Jacob P, Sale Peter F, Metapopulation ecology in the sea: from Levins' model to marine ecology and fisheries science, 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2004.00131.x
  56. Lande Russell, Risks of Population Extinction from Demographic and Environmental Stochasticity and Random Catastrophes, 10.1086/285580
  57. Legault C.M., Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 134, 549 (2005)
  58. Leider Steven A., Increased straying by adult steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, 10.1007/bf00001225
  59. Levins R., Some Demographic and Genetic Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity for Biological Control, 10.1093/besa/15.3.237
  60. Levins R., Some Mathematical Questions in Biology. Lectures on Mathematics in the Life Sciences, 77 (1970)
  61. Liebhold Andrew, Koenig Walter D., Bjørnstad Ottar N., Spatial Synchrony in Population Dynamics, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132516
  62. J. Lin (2007 ) Genetic Divergence among Distinct Phenotypes of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) . MSc thesis , School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
  63. Mantua Nathan J., Hare Steven R., Zhang Yuan, Wallace John M., Francis Robert C., A Pacific Interdecadal Climate Oscillation with Impacts on Salmon Production, 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1069:apicow>2.0.co;2
  64. McElhany P., Viable salmonid populations and the recovery of evolutionarily significant units (2000)
  65. Milner Alexander M., Knudsen E. Eric, Soiseth Chad, Robertson Anne L., Schell Don, Phillips Ian T., Magnusson Katrina, Colonization and development of stream communities across a 200-year gradient in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, U.S.A., 10.1139/cjfas-57-11-2319
  66. Minard R.E., Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 96, 336 (1987)
  67. Mueter Franz J., Ware Dan M., Peterman Randall M., Spatial correlation patterns in coastal environmental variables and survival rates of salmon in the north-east Pacific Ocean, 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2002.00192.x
  68. Mueter F.J., Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 134, 105 (2005)
  69. Naiman Robert J., Bilby Robert E., Schindler Daniel E., Helfield James M., Pacific Salmon, Nutrients, and the Dynamics of Freshwater and Riparian Ecosystems, 10.1007/s10021-001-0083-3
  70. National Research Council, Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest (1996)
  71. Nehlsen Willa, Williams Jack E., Lichatowich James A., Pacific Salmon at the Crossroads: Stocks at Risk from California, Oregon, Idaho, and Washington, 10.1577/1548-8446(1991)016<0004:psatcs>2.0.co;2
  72. Nicholas J.W., Straying of Adult Coho Salmon to and from a Private Hatchery at Yaquina Bay, Oregon (1982)
  73. Nickelson T.E., A Habitat-Based Assessment of Coho Salmon Production Potential and Spawner Escapement Needs for Oregon Coastal Streams (1998)
  74. Nickelson Thomas E., Lawson Peter W., Population viability of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in Oregon coastal basins: application of a habitat-based life cycle model, 10.1139/cjfas-55-11-2383
  75. Pascual M.A., Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 25, 17 (1994)
  76. Pascual M.A., Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 24, 308 (1995)
  77. Peterman Randall M., Pyper Brian J., Lapointe Michael F., Adkison Milo D., Walters Carl J., Patterns of covariation in survival rates of British Columbian and Alaskan sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks, 10.1139/cjfas-55-11-2503
  78. Pimm Stuart L., Raven Peter, 10.1038/35002708
  79. Pulliam H. Ronald, Sources, Sinks, and Population Regulation, 10.1086/284880
  80. Pyper B.J., Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 134, 86 (2005)
  81. Quinn Thomas P., A review of homing and straying of wild and hatchery-produced salmon, 10.1016/0165-7836(93)90038-9
  82. Quinn T.P., The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout (2005)
  83. Quinn T.P., Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41, 1078 (1984)
  84. Quinn Thomas P., Myers Katherine W., Anadromy and the marine migrations of Pacific salmon and trout: Rounsefell revisited, 10.1007/s11160-005-0802-5
  85. Quinn T.P., Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120, 151 (1991)
  86. Quinn Thomas P., Volk Eric C., Hendry Andrew P., Natural otolith microstructure patterns reveal precise homing to natal incubation sites by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), 10.1139/cjz-77-5-766
  87. Quinn T.P., Animal Behaviour, 72, 941 (2006)
  88. Rich W.H., The Migration and Conservation of Salmon, 45 (1939)
  89. Rich Harry B., Carlson Stephanie M., Chasco Brandon E., Briggs Kimberly C., Quinn Thomas P., Movements of male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, on spawning grounds: effects of in-stream residency, density and body size, 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.10.004
  90. Ricker William E., Cycle Dominance Among the Fraser Sockeye, 10.2307/1931356
  91. Ricker W.E., The Stock Concept in Pacific Salmon, 19 (1972)
  92. Rieman B. E., Dunham J. B., Metapopulations and salmonids: a synthesis of life history patterns and empirical observations, 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2000.90106.x
  93. Sandercock F.K., Pacific Salmon Life Histories, 395 (1991)
  94. Schaefer J. A., Towards maturation of the population concept, 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.13763.x
  95. Schtickzelle Nicolas, Baguette Michel, Metapopulation viability analysis of the bog fritillary butterfly using RAMAS/GIS, 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12825.x
  96. Schtickzelle Nicolas, Mennechez Gwénaëlle, Baguette Michel, DISPERSAL DEPRESSION WITH HABITAT FRAGMENTATION IN THE BOG FRITILLARY BUTTERFLY, 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1057:ddwhfi]2.0.co;2
  97. Smedbol R Kent, McPherson Arran, Hansen Michael M, Kenchington Ellen, Myths and moderation in marine 'metapopulations'?, 10.1046/j.1467-2979.2002.00062.x
  98. Stacey Peter B., Taper Mark L., Johnson Veronica A., Migration within Metapopulations, Metapopulation Biology (1997) ISBN:9780123234452 p.267-291, 10.1016/b978-012323445-2/50016-x
  99. Stamps Judy A., Krishnan V. V., Reid Mary L., SEARCH COSTS AND HABITAT SELECTION BY DISPERSERS, 10.1890/04-0516
  100. Stewart I.J., Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, 10, 28 (2003)
  101. Stewart Ian J., Quinn Thomas P., Bentzen Paul, 10.1023/a:1024436632183
  102. Stewart I. J., Carlson S. M., Boatright C. P., Buck G. B., Quinn T. P., Site fidelity of spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka W.) in the presence and absence of olfactory cues, 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00044.x
  103. Taylor Philip D., Fahrig Lenore, Henein Kringen, Merriam Gray, Connectivity Is a Vital Element of Landscape Structure, 10.2307/3544927
  104. Thedinga J.F., Wertheimer A.C., Heintz R.A., Maselko J.M., Rice S.D., Effects of stock, coded-wire tagging, and transplant on straying of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in southeastern Alaska, 10.1139/cjfas-57-10-2076
  105. Thomas Chris D., Hanski Ilkka, Butterfly Metapopulations, Metapopulation Biology (1997) ISBN:9780123234452 p.359-386, 10.1016/b978-012323445-2/50020-1
  106. Tilman David, May Robert M., Lehman Clarence L., Nowak Martin A., Habitat destruction and the extinction debt, 10.1038/371065a0
  107. Van Dyck Hans, Baguette Michel, Dispersal behaviour in fragmented landscapes: Routine or special movements?, 10.1016/j.baae.2005.03.005
  108. Waples R.S., Definition of "Species" under the Endangered Species Act: Application to Pacific Salmon (1991)
  109. Wiens J.A., Dispersal, 96 (2001)
  110. Wilcove David S., Rothstein David, Dubow Jason, Phillips Ali, Losos Elizabeth, Quantifying Threats to Imperiled Species in the United States, 10.2307/1313420
  111. Willson Mary F., Halupka Karl C., Anadromous Fish as Keystone Species in Vertebrate Communities, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030489.x
  112. Wood C.C., American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17, 195 (1995)
  113. Young Kyle A., Managing the decline of Pacific salmon: metapopulation theory and artificial recolonization as ecological mitigation, 10.1139/cjfas-56-9-1700
Bibliographic reference Schtickzelle, Nicolas ; Quinn, Thomas P.. A metapopulation perspective for salmon and other anadromous fish. In: Fish and Fisheries, Vol. 8, no. 4, p. 297-314 (2007)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/37222