Standaert, Olivier
[UCL]
Hanitzsch, Thomas
[LMU Munich]
Dedonder, Jonathan
[UCL]
Based on qualitative responses from journalists working in 67 countries, this article presents evidence from a comparative assessment of normative journalistic roles. Different from other types of journalistic roles, normative roles refer to professional aspirations as to how journalism and journalists are supposed to contribute to society. While these roles are typically studied through standardized sets of statements, this study builds on journalists’ own assessments of what should be the most important roles of journalism in their societies. The material for this analysis was obtained from the 2012–2016 wave of the Worlds of Journalism Study. Responses of 20,638 journalists from around the world yielded 45,046 references to journalistic roles. Results show that journalists still see their normative roles primarily in the political arena – a finding that is consistent across the countries investigated. In non-Western countries, journalists articulated a normative demand for intervention in social processes and a more constructive attitude toward ruling powers. Overall, our analysis demonstrates that the normative core of journalism around the world is still invariably built on the news media’s contribution to political processes and conversations, while other areas, such as the management of self and everyday life, remain marginalized.
- Bauman Z, Liquid Modernity (2000)
- Carlson Matt, Metajournalistic Discourse and the Meanings of Journalism: Definitional Control, Boundary Work, and Legitimation : Metajournalistic Discourse and the Meanings of Journalism, 10.1111/comt.12088
- Chalaby Jean K., Journalism as an Anglo-American Invention : A Comparison of the Development of French and Anglo-American Journalism, 1830s-1920s, 10.1177/0267323196011003002
- Chan Joseph Man, Pan Zhongdang, Lee Francis L. F., Professional Aspirations and Job Satisfaction: Chinese Journalists at a Time of Change in the Media, 10.1177/107769900408100203
- Christians CG, Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies (2009)
- Cialdini RB, The Handbook of Social Psychology, 1, 151 (1998)
- Cohen BC, The Press and Foreign Policy (1963)
- Demazière D, Analyser les entretiens biographiques. L’exemple des récits d’insertion (1997)
- Donsbach Wolfgang, Patterson Thomas E., Political News Journalists: Partisanship, Professionalism, and Political Roles in Five Countries, Comparing Political Communication ISBN:9780511606991 p.251-270, 10.1017/cbo9780511606991.012
- Tandoc Edson C., Hellmueller Lea, Vos Tim P., MIND THE GAP : Between journalistic role conception and role enactment, 10.1080/17512786.2012.726503
- Hanitzsch Thomas, Deconstructing Journalism Culture: Toward a Universal Theory, 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00303.x
- Hanitzsch Thomas, Populist disseminators, detached watchdogs, critical change agents and opportunist facilitators : Professional milieus, the journalistic field and autonomy in 18 countries, 10.1177/1748048511412279
- Hanitzsch Thomas, Vos Tim P., Journalistic Roles and the Struggle Over Institutional Identity: The Discursive Constitution of Journalism : Journalistic Roles and Institutional Identity, 10.1111/comt.12112
- Hanitzsch Thomas, Vos Tim P, Journalism beyond democracy: A new look into journalistic roles in political and everyday life, 10.1177/1464884916673386
- Hanitzsch Thomas, Hanusch Folker, Mellado Claudia, Anikina Maria, Berganza Rosa, Cangoz Incilay, Coman Mihai, Hamada Basyouni, Elena Hernández María, Karadjov Christopher D., Virginia Moreira Sonia, Mwesige Peter G., Plaisance Patrick Lee, Reich Zvi, Seethaler Josef, Skewes Elizabeth A., Vardiansyah Noor Dani, Kee Wang Yuen Edgar, MAPPING JOURNALISM CULTURES ACROSS NATIONS : A comparative study of 18 countries, 10.1080/1461670x.2010.512502
- Hanusch Folker, Hanitzsch Thomas, Mediating orientation and self-expression in the world of consumption: Australian and German lifestyle journalists’ professional views, 10.1177/0163443713501931
- Johnstone John W. C., Slawski Edward J., Bowman William W., The Professional Values of American Newsmen, 10.1086/268036
- Kreiss D, The Crisis of Journalism Reconsidered: From Technology to Culture, 59 (2016)
- Lasswell H, The Structure and Function of Communication and Society: The Communication of Ideas (1948)
- Masterton M, Asian Values in Journalism (1996)
- Mellado Claudia, Professional Roles in News Content : Six dimensions of journalistic role performance, 10.1080/1461670x.2014.922276
- Paillé P, L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales (2003)
- Pintak Lawrence, Islam, identity and professional values: A study of journalists in three Muslim-majority regions, 10.1177/1464884913490269
- Romano A, Journalism and Democracy in Asia, 1 (2005)
- Statham Paul, Journalists as Commentatorson European Politics : Educators, Partisans or Ideologues?, 10.1177/0267323107083063
- Van Dijk T, A Handbook of Qualitative Methodologies for Mass Communication Research, 108 (1993)
- Weaver DH, The Global Journalist: News People Around the World (1998)
- Weaver DH, The American Journalist in the 1990S: U.S. News People at the End of an Era (1996)
- Weaver DH, The American Journalist (1986)
- Weaver David H., The Global Journalist in the 21st Century, ISBN:9780203148679, 10.4324/9780203148679
- Wong Kokkeong, Asian-Based Development Journalism and Political Elections : Press Coverage of the 1999 General Elections in Malaysia, 10.1177/0016549204039940
- Wright Charles R., Functional Analysis and Mass Communication, 10.1086/266976
- Xu X, Demystifying Asian Values in Journalism (2005)
- Yuezhi Zhou, Watchdogs on Party Leashes? Contexts and implications of investigative journalism in post-Deng China, 10.1080/146167000441312
- Zelizer Barbie, On the shelf life of democracy in journalism scholarship, 10.1177/1464884912464179
Bibliographic reference |
Standaert, Olivier ; Hanitzsch, Thomas ; Dedonder, Jonathan. In their own words: A normative-empirical approach to journalistic roles around the world. In: Journalism. Theory, Practice & Criticism, Vol. 22, no. (4), p. 919-936 (2021) |
Permanent URL |
http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/216463 |