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Genetic Environment of cry1 Genes Indicates Their Common Origin

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Fiedoruk, Krzysztof [Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland] Daniluk, Tamara [Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland] Mahillon, Jacques [UCL] Leszczynska, Katarzyna [Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland] Swiecicka, Izabela [Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Bialystok, Poland]

Although in Bacillus thuringiensis the cry genes coding for the insecticidal crystal proteins are plasmid-borne and are usually associated with mobile genetic elements, several aspects related to their genomic organization, diversification, and transmission remain to be elucidated. Plasmids of B. thuringiensis and other members of the Bacillus cereus group (n = 364) deposited in GenBank were screened for the presence of cry1 genes, and their genetic environment was analyzed using a comparative bioinformatic approach. The cry1 genes were identified in 27 B. thuringiensis plasmids ranging from 64 to 761 kb, and were predominantly associated with the ori44, ori60, or double orf156/orf157 and pXO1-16/pXO1-14 replication systems. In general, the cry1 genes occur individually or as a part of an insecticidal pathogenicity island (PAI), and are preceded by genes coding for an N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase and a putative K+(Na+)/H+ antiporter. However, except in the case of the PAI, the latter gene is disrupted by the insertion of IS231B. Similarly, numerous mobile elements were recognized in the region downstream of cry1, except for cry1I that follows cry1A in the PAI. Therefore, the cassette involving cry1 and these two genes, flanked by transposable elements, named as the cry1 cassette, was the smallest cry1-carrying genetic unit recognized in the plasmids. Conservation of the genomic environment of the cry1 genes carried by various plasmids strongly suggests a common origin, possibly from an insecticidal PAI carried by B. thuringiensis megaplasmids.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès libre
Publication date 2017
Language Anglais
Journal information "Genome Biology and Evolution" - Vol. 9, p. 2265-2275 (2017)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Oxford University Press (Oxford)
issn 1759-6653
e-issn 1759-6653
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology
Keywords Genetics ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; cry1 genes ; IS231 ; IS232 ; pathogenicity island ; insertion sequences
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Bibliographic reference Fiedoruk, Krzysztof ; Daniluk, Tamara ; Mahillon, Jacques ; Leszczynska, Katarzyna ; Swiecicka, Izabela. Genetic Environment of cry1 Genes Indicates Their Common Origin. In: Genome Biology and Evolution, Vol. 9, p. 2265-2275 (2017)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/193528