Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students: An International Comparison between African, European and Canadian students

St-Jean, Etienne [University of Québec at Trois Rivières] Nafa, Aziz [Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquée pour le Développement (CREAD)] Tremblay, Maripier [Université de Laval] Janssen, Frank [UCL] Baronet, Jacques [Université de Scherbrooke] Loué, Christophe [Novancia]

The purpose of this study is to compare the entrepreneurial intentions of university students in North Africa (Algeria) with those of students in Canada and Europe (France and Belgium), and to examine differences with regard to psychological, sociocultural and economic factors influencing these intentions. Analyses on the sample as a whole confirm the relevancy of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) proposed by Ajzen (1991). When we differentiate among cultural groups, results were fairly similar for Canadian and European students. However, no TPB elements were significant for the Algerian students, or more significant than the control variables. We discuss the need to consider cultural factors to explain entrepreneurial intentions. Moreover, given the socioeconomic climate in Algeria, we hypothesise that among Algerian university students, entrepreneurship is motivated by necessity rather than opportunity.