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Facial cooling and peripheral chemoreflex mechanisms in humans

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Argacha, Jean-François Xhaet, Olivier [UCL] Gujic, Marko De Boeck, G. Dreyfuss, C. Van De Borne, Philippe

Aim: Reductions in arterial oxygen partial pressure activate the peripheral chemoreceptors which increase ventilation, and, after cessation of breathing, reduce heart rate. We tested the hypothesis that facial cooling facilitates these peripheral chemoreflex mechanisms. Methods: Chemoreflex control was assessed by the ventilatory response to hypoxia (10% O2 in N 2) and the bradycardic response to voluntary end-expiratory apnoeas of maximal duration in 12 young, healthy subjects. We recorded minute ventilation, haemoglobin O2 saturation, RR interval (the time between two R waves of the QRS complex) and the standard deviation of the RR interval (SDNN), a marker of cardiac vagal activity throughout the study. Measurements were performed with the subject's face exposed to air flow at 23 and 4°C. Results: Cold air decreased facial temperature by 11°C (P < 0.0001) but did not affect minute ventilation during normoxia. However, facial cooling increased the ventilatory response to hypoxia (P < 0.05). The RR interval increased by 31 ± 8% of the mean RR preceding the apnoea during the hypoxic apnoeas in the presence of cold air, compared to 17 ± 5% of the mean RR preceding the apnoea in the absence of facial cooling (P < 0.05). This increase occurred despite identical apnoea durations and reductions in oxygen saturation. Finally, facial cooling increased SDNN during normoxia and hypoxia, as well as during the apnoeas performed in hypoxic conditions (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: The larger ventilatory response to hypoxia suggests that facial cooling facilitates peripheral chemoreflex mechanisms in normal humans. Moreover, simultaneous diving reflex and peripheral chemoreflex activation enhances cardiac vagal activation, and favours further bradycardia upon cessation of breathing. © 2008 The Authors.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Article de recherche
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2008
Language Anglais
Journal information "Acta Physiologica (Print)" - Vol. 194, no.2, p. 161-170 (2008)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
issn 1748-1708
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - (MGD) Service de cardiologie
Keywords Apnoea ; Autonomic system ; Chemoreceptor ; Cold ; Diving reflexes ; Hypoxia
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Bibliographic reference Argacha, Jean-François ; Xhaet, Olivier ; Gujic, Marko ; De Boeck, G. ; Dreyfuss, C. ; et. al. Facial cooling and peripheral chemoreflex mechanisms in humans. In: Acta Physiologica (Print), Vol. 194, no.2, p. 161-170 (2008)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/126676