What is the design of a supply chain in a regenerative economy? Multiple-case study within the food sector

The present study explores the design of supply chains in a local and circular economy. The research also provides answers about main practices, advantages and challenges of a supply chain in a regenerative context. First, a literature review was completed to identify the main theoretical concepts and to define key research tracks. Next, a holistic multiple-case study was conducted to bring insights from the field. This qualitative approach fits well with the exploratory nature of the research. As a matter of fact, the study focussed on three organizations from the food sector (NÃM, Roots-store and Eat’s Local) that were selected based on their local and circular aspects. The three cases were first analysed individually and then a cross-case analysis was performed to highlight the main common characteristics. The results are discussed in relation to the relevant literature. Four propositions about the design of supply chain in a regenerative economy are presented. These propositions aim to be general and not specific to the food sector, although these should always be considered and discussed depending on the context. These supply chains are characterised by local proximity, close relationships between stakeholders, a holistic view and return systems that ensure circularity. Next, the main advantages and challenges of such supply chains are presented. Even if regenerative economy can bring some advantages from an economic and environmental perspective, there are challenges to its implementation. Indeed, in terms of cost, customer satisfaction, logistics and skills development, several barriers need to be overcome. That is why several best practices for implementing a supply chain in a regenerative economy are also proposed. These are grouped into five different supply chain activities: (1) sourcing, (2) production, (3) distribution, (4) return and (5) logistics. The practices and suggestions should help managers and entrepreneurs who want to develop regenerative activities. In the conclusion, the main limitations of this study and recommendations for future research are also presented.