Paper-based stacked reverse electrodialysis cells for energy generation from salinity gradient

The recently emerging microfluidic paper-based electrochemical devices (µPED) take advantage of both the capillarity of the paper to eliminate active external pump requirement and the electrical detection for low-cost and point-of-care quantitative analysis of target analytes. However, the electrical components still need external power sources, losing the portability advantage of paper-based analytical devices. A solution is to integrate the power source directly in the µPED to create a self-powered sensor. This thesis investigated a paper-based stack of reverse electrodialysis (RED) cells as a potential power source.