Electron optics in graphene

Since the discovery of the Quantum Hall effect in 1980, electronic interferometry took a significant leap forward thanks to localized edge states topologically protected and demonstrating mesoscopic coherence length. More recently the synthesis of graphene and the development of van der Waals heterostructures have been crucial to overstep drawbacks of semiconductor heterojunctions and taking advantage of graphene properties. This work is at the crossroads of these major discoveries or breakthroughs. It focuses on different ways to generate electronic interferences in Quantum Hall regime of graphene by the mean of a scanning gate microscope (SGM) to locally modify the electronic bands. This thesis is split in three axis to tackle the subject. In first instance, simulations with Kwant to explore the coupling between edge states and an external potential while observing different patterns of interference with different designs of graphene Hall bar. Thereafter, the fabrication in laboratory of the graphene heterostructure from scratch. Finally, an analysis of experiment data to compare simulations to real world conditions.