Design, implementation, and evaluation of multi-platform graphical adaptive menus

The advent of multiple computing platforms, ranging from small smart watches to largewall displays, poses the problem of adapting their graphical user interfaces to multiplescreen resolutions. Instead of developing separate versions for each platform, responsiveuser interfaces promote the idea of developing a single graphical user interface thataccommodates the variations induced by the numerous screen resolutions. While thisprinciple applies to the entire interface, it does not scale down easily to graphical menus,such as menu bars, pull-down menus, and sub-menus.To identify potential solutions, we conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR)summarizing the characteristics and findings ofN=407scientific references on graphicalmenus. We highlight thedescriptive,comparative, andgenerative virtuesof our examinationto provide practitioners with an effective method to (i)understandhow graphical menusposition in the literature; (ii)comparetheir studies from different authors; and (iii)identifyopportunities for new development. We make our large corpus of papers accessible onlineas a Zotero collection. Based on this review, we develop two original graphical menusintended to adapt themselves to the various screen resolutions of multiple platforms: afractal menu exploiting the scale invariance of fractal geometry and a bilinear menu basedon geometric deformation. For both menus, the motivations are justified, the design, theimplementation, and the evaluation are performed. Finally, a conjoint analysis examinesthe end users’ preference of forty graphical adaptive menus, separately over time.