Osteoporosis within the spinal cord injured population: prevention and treatment methods : systematic review of the literature

Objective: The aim of this review of the literature is to present an up-to-date analysis of the current prevention and treatment methods available for treating SCI-induced osteoporosis. Method: An equation research was put in the following databases: Pubmed, PEDro, Cochrane and Scopus, giving a total of 139 articles. Out of these, 14 articles corresponded to the inclusion criteria and were used for further analysis. Results: Using BMD as an indicator of bone health and predictor of risk of fracture, an analysis of the effect of mechanical and pharmacological treatment methods was performed. Although studies investigating the bisphosphonate therapy have shown a significant and short-term attenuation of bone loss, others focusing on mechanical interventions have not been able to present similar results. The optimal treatment of SCI-induced osteoporosis remains one that combines both therapies. Conclusion: Research has yet to discover one specific intervention with significant and long-term results for osteoporosis of the SCI population. However, current treatment methods should continue to be put in place in the acute phases of SCI for their positive effects of the general well-being of these patients.