Circular economy in Africa: How could this model contribute to a socio-economic recovery, especially in urban cities? The case of Madagascar

This master thesis investigates how the model of circular economy could bring socio-economic recovery in Malagasy urban cities. The main reason explaining the choice of this topic was the lack of literature regarding circular economy activities in Madagascar. Therefore, this thesis aims to fill the gaps. The literature review helped us defining the notion of circular economy, the notion of socio-economic recovery, and the potential link between the two terms. This led us to dress four sub-questions to answer our research question: 1) How is circular economy perceived in Malagasy urban cities? (SQ1), 2) How does circular economy contribute to inclusive growth in Malagasy urban cities? (SQ2), 3) Which opportunities to take in the future? (SQ3), 4) How does/will COVID-19 influence circular economy in Malagasy urban cities? (SQ4). Regarding SQ1, circular economy in Malagasy urban cities is mainly done in the informal sector and citizens practicing it usually do it as a way to survive. Furthermore, public authorities have not built any structure enabling and encouraging circular practices. Concerning SQ2, formal circular economy activities in Malagasy urban cities influence positively some indicators of: 1) SDG 1 (No poverty), 2) SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), 3) SDG 4 (Quality education), 4) SDG 8 (Decent work & Economic growth), and 5) SDG 10 (Reduced inequalities). In regard to the opportunities (SQ3), it was discussed that a system of performance economy could be developed in the telecommunication industry (e.g. phones, laptops, desktops, etc.). Concerning COVID-19 (SQ4), the Government seems to see the importance of consuming what the country produces locally. From this observation, it is believed that Malagasy urban cities have a long path to go to build a formal circular economy that leads to a socio-economic recovery. The Government should thus lead by example and support private sectors and social structures (e.g. families, social circles, etc.) in the adoption of this model.