Dimensionnement et contrôle de micro-réseaux isolés en courant continu pour l'électrification rurale dans les pays en développement

The rural electrification of certain regions of the world that are not served by conventional distribution is a real engineering challenge. Insulated DC microgrids seem to be a very relevant and promising solution to this problem. An isolated microgrid is an autonomous network, consisting of loads and production units connected together. The control of the entire system is an essential point within the microgrid, as it ensures the reliability and continuity of supply. The objective of this thesis is to design and analyze a complete and realistic DC microgrid. The first step will be to gather different information on the topic of DC microgrids. In the second part, we will dimension each element of our microgrid and its control. Finally, in the third part, we will observe the reactions of our microgrid in different cases to get an idea of the reliability of our system. The results obtained during the various tests show a stable microgrid and a very interesting voltage quality, for a simple decentralized control. This work is a first step in the very promising field of DC microgrids. It demonstrates their interest, and deserves to be further developed in centralized levels of control allowing for more complex and efficient management of the microgrid.